1 00:00:47,039 --> 00:00:48,549 the future 2 00:00:48,549 --> 00:00:48,559 the future 3 00:00:48,559 --> 00:00:50,389 the future ever wonder what it's going to be like 4 00:00:50,389 --> 00:00:50,399 ever wonder what it's going to be like 5 00:00:50,399 --> 00:00:53,910 ever wonder what it's going to be like 20 30 or even 40 years from now 6 00:00:53,910 --> 00:00:53,920 20 30 or even 40 years from now 7 00:00:53,920 --> 00:00:54,869 20 30 or even 40 years from now hello 8 00:00:54,869 --> 00:00:54,879 hello 9 00:00:54,879 --> 00:00:56,709 hello and welcome to future path 10 00:00:56,709 --> 00:00:56,719 and welcome to future path 11 00:00:56,719 --> 00:00:58,709 and welcome to future path i'm amariko forrestery director of 12 00:00:58,709 --> 00:00:58,719 i'm amariko forrestery director of 13 00:00:58,719 --> 00:01:00,389 i'm amariko forrestery director of external affairs at the nasa lewis 14 00:01:00,389 --> 00:01:00,399 external affairs at the nasa lewis 15 00:01:00,399 --> 00:01:03,590 external affairs at the nasa lewis research center in cleveland ohio 16 00:01:03,590 --> 00:01:03,600 research center in cleveland ohio 17 00:01:03,600 --> 00:01:05,509 research center in cleveland ohio in the future we all know our clothes 18 00:01:05,509 --> 00:01:05,519 in the future we all know our clothes 19 00:01:05,519 --> 00:01:07,830 in the future we all know our clothes will change our hairstyles will change 20 00:01:07,830 --> 00:01:07,840 will change our hairstyles will change 21 00:01:07,840 --> 00:01:09,350 will change our hairstyles will change and even the music we listen to will 22 00:01:09,350 --> 00:01:09,360 and even the music we listen to will 23 00:01:09,360 --> 00:01:10,230 and even the music we listen to will change 24 00:01:10,230 --> 00:01:10,240 change 25 00:01:10,240 --> 00:01:11,910 change but how will the technology that's being 26 00:01:11,910 --> 00:01:11,920 but how will the technology that's being 27 00:01:11,920 --> 00:01:13,910 but how will the technology that's being developed today affect our lifestyles in 28 00:01:13,910 --> 00:01:13,920 developed today affect our lifestyles in 29 00:01:13,920 --> 00:01:15,350 developed today affect our lifestyles in the future 30 00:01:15,350 --> 00:01:15,360 the future 31 00:01:15,360 --> 00:01:17,429 the future for a long time nasa's been concerned 32 00:01:17,429 --> 00:01:17,439 for a long time nasa's been concerned 33 00:01:17,439 --> 00:01:19,109 for a long time nasa's been concerned with developing aircraft that will fly 34 00:01:19,109 --> 00:01:19,119 with developing aircraft that will fly 35 00:01:19,119 --> 00:01:21,429 with developing aircraft that will fly further higher and faster but more 36 00:01:21,429 --> 00:01:21,439 further higher and faster but more 37 00:01:21,439 --> 00:01:23,350 further higher and faster but more recently our concern has changed to 38 00:01:23,350 --> 00:01:23,360 recently our concern has changed to 39 00:01:23,360 --> 00:01:24,950 recently our concern has changed to flying aircraft with greater fuel 40 00:01:24,950 --> 00:01:24,960 flying aircraft with greater fuel 41 00:01:24,960 --> 00:01:27,109 flying aircraft with greater fuel efficiency and protecting our air 42 00:01:27,109 --> 00:01:27,119 efficiency and protecting our air 43 00:01:27,119 --> 00:01:28,390 efficiency and protecting our air quality 44 00:01:28,390 --> 00:01:28,400 quality 45 00:01:28,400 --> 00:01:30,149 quality nasa is developing a propulsion system 46 00:01:30,149 --> 00:01:30,159 nasa is developing a propulsion system 47 00:01:30,159 --> 00:01:32,230 nasa is developing a propulsion system which involves both the jet engine and 48 00:01:32,230 --> 00:01:32,240 which involves both the jet engine and 49 00:01:32,240 --> 00:01:33,910 which involves both the jet engine and advanced propellers it's called the 50 00:01:33,910 --> 00:01:33,920 advanced propellers it's called the 51 00:01:33,920 --> 00:01:38,310 advanced propellers it's called the advanced turboprop system and shown here 52 00:01:38,310 --> 00:01:38,320 advanced turboprop system and shown here 53 00:01:38,320 --> 00:01:40,469 advanced turboprop system and shown here the advanced turboprop project combines 54 00:01:40,469 --> 00:01:40,479 the advanced turboprop project combines 55 00:01:40,479 --> 00:01:42,469 the advanced turboprop project combines the efficiency of the propeller 56 00:01:42,469 --> 00:01:42,479 the efficiency of the propeller 57 00:01:42,479 --> 00:01:44,469 the efficiency of the propeller with the power of the turbine 58 00:01:44,469 --> 00:01:44,479 with the power of the turbine 59 00:01:44,479 --> 00:01:46,149 with the power of the turbine this technology base provides for the 60 00:01:46,149 --> 00:01:46,159 this technology base provides for the 61 00:01:46,159 --> 00:01:47,590 this technology base provides for the future development of the single 62 00:01:47,590 --> 00:01:47,600 future development of the single 63 00:01:47,600 --> 00:01:50,149 future development of the single rotation and counter rotation turboprop 64 00:01:50,149 --> 00:01:50,159 rotation and counter rotation turboprop 65 00:01:50,159 --> 00:01:51,749 rotation and counter rotation turboprop propulsion systems 66 00:01:51,749 --> 00:01:51,759 propulsion systems 67 00:01:51,759 --> 00:01:53,670 propulsion systems the idea is to reduce fuel consumption 68 00:01:53,670 --> 00:01:53,680 the idea is to reduce fuel consumption 69 00:01:53,680 --> 00:01:56,310 the idea is to reduce fuel consumption in both military and commercial aircraft 70 00:01:56,310 --> 00:01:56,320 in both military and commercial aircraft 71 00:01:56,320 --> 00:01:57,910 in both military and commercial aircraft the initial concept for the advanced 72 00:01:57,910 --> 00:01:57,920 the initial concept for the advanced 73 00:01:57,920 --> 00:01:59,350 the initial concept for the advanced turboprop system 74 00:01:59,350 --> 00:01:59,360 turboprop system 75 00:01:59,360 --> 00:02:01,990 turboprop system first came about in the mid-1970s due to 76 00:02:01,990 --> 00:02:02,000 first came about in the mid-1970s due to 77 00:02:02,000 --> 00:02:04,389 first came about in the mid-1970s due to the opec oil embargo and the sharp rise 78 00:02:04,389 --> 00:02:04,399 the opec oil embargo and the sharp rise 79 00:02:04,399 --> 00:02:05,990 the opec oil embargo and the sharp rise in fuel prices 80 00:02:05,990 --> 00:02:06,000 in fuel prices 81 00:02:06,000 --> 00:02:09,270 in fuel prices the fuel burned in a 727 or 737 jet 82 00:02:09,270 --> 00:02:09,280 the fuel burned in a 727 or 737 jet 83 00:02:09,280 --> 00:02:12,630 the fuel burned in a 727 or 737 jet aircraft can be reduced by as much as 50 84 00:02:12,630 --> 00:02:12,640 aircraft can be reduced by as much as 50 85 00:02:12,640 --> 00:02:14,550 aircraft can be reduced by as much as 50 with a propeller driven aircraft 86 00:02:14,550 --> 00:02:14,560 with a propeller driven aircraft 87 00:02:14,560 --> 00:02:16,390 with a propeller driven aircraft advanced turboprop propellers are very 88 00:02:16,390 --> 00:02:16,400 advanced turboprop propellers are very 89 00:02:16,400 --> 00:02:17,830 advanced turboprop propellers are very different from traditional propeller 90 00:02:17,830 --> 00:02:17,840 different from traditional propeller 91 00:02:17,840 --> 00:02:19,030 different from traditional propeller designs 92 00:02:19,030 --> 00:02:19,040 designs 93 00:02:19,040 --> 00:02:21,750 designs they are very highly swept and very thin 94 00:02:21,750 --> 00:02:21,760 they are very highly swept and very thin 95 00:02:21,760 --> 00:02:23,510 they are very highly swept and very thin there are eight to ten blades rather 96 00:02:23,510 --> 00:02:23,520 there are eight to ten blades rather 97 00:02:23,520 --> 00:02:25,110 there are eight to ten blades rather than a three or four blades that we are 98 00:02:25,110 --> 00:02:25,120 than a three or four blades that we are 99 00:02:25,120 --> 00:02:26,470 than a three or four blades that we are used to seeing 100 00:02:26,470 --> 00:02:26,480 used to seeing 101 00:02:26,480 --> 00:02:28,390 used to seeing we therefore get more power in a smaller 102 00:02:28,390 --> 00:02:28,400 we therefore get more power in a smaller 103 00:02:28,400 --> 00:02:29,670 we therefore get more power in a smaller diameter 104 00:02:29,670 --> 00:02:29,680 diameter 105 00:02:29,680 --> 00:02:32,150 diameter it allows us to fly faster up to 600 106 00:02:32,150 --> 00:02:32,160 it allows us to fly faster up to 600 107 00:02:32,160 --> 00:02:34,309 it allows us to fly faster up to 600 miles per hour and at a much higher 108 00:02:34,309 --> 00:02:34,319 miles per hour and at a much higher 109 00:02:34,319 --> 00:02:35,430 miles per hour and at a much higher altitude 110 00:02:35,430 --> 00:02:35,440 altitude 111 00:02:35,440 --> 00:02:38,070 altitude around 35 000 feet 112 00:02:38,070 --> 00:02:38,080 around 35 000 feet 113 00:02:38,080 --> 00:02:40,390 around 35 000 feet the noise levels of this new turboprop 114 00:02:40,390 --> 00:02:40,400 the noise levels of this new turboprop 115 00:02:40,400 --> 00:02:41,750 the noise levels of this new turboprop are much less than the traditional 116 00:02:41,750 --> 00:02:41,760 are much less than the traditional 117 00:02:41,760 --> 00:02:44,790 are much less than the traditional propeller or turboprop aircraft 118 00:02:44,790 --> 00:02:44,800 propeller or turboprop aircraft 119 00:02:44,800 --> 00:02:46,229 propeller or turboprop aircraft there have been three series of flight 120 00:02:46,229 --> 00:02:46,239 there have been three series of flight 121 00:02:46,239 --> 00:02:49,110 there have been three series of flight tests in the advanced turboprop project 122 00:02:49,110 --> 00:02:49,120 tests in the advanced turboprop project 123 00:02:49,120 --> 00:02:51,509 tests in the advanced turboprop project won the nasa ge boeing flight tests of 124 00:02:51,509 --> 00:02:51,519 won the nasa ge boeing flight tests of 125 00:02:51,519 --> 00:02:54,270 won the nasa ge boeing flight tests of the counter-rotating unducted fan on a 126 00:02:54,270 --> 00:02:54,280 the counter-rotating unducted fan on a 127 00:02:54,280 --> 00:02:56,390 the counter-rotating unducted fan on a b-727 aircraft 128 00:02:56,390 --> 00:02:56,400 b-727 aircraft 129 00:02:56,400 --> 00:02:59,030 b-727 aircraft two the nasa lockheed prop band tests of 130 00:02:59,030 --> 00:02:59,040 two the nasa lockheed prop band tests of 131 00:02:59,040 --> 00:03:01,430 two the nasa lockheed prop band tests of a single rotation advanced turboprop on 132 00:03:01,430 --> 00:03:01,440 a single rotation advanced turboprop on 133 00:03:01,440 --> 00:03:04,229 a single rotation advanced turboprop on a gulfstream two aircraft and three the 134 00:03:04,229 --> 00:03:04,239 a gulfstream two aircraft and three the 135 00:03:04,239 --> 00:03:06,630 a gulfstream two aircraft and three the ge mcdonald douglas tests on an md-80 136 00:03:06,630 --> 00:03:06,640 ge mcdonald douglas tests on an md-80 137 00:03:06,640 --> 00:03:09,270 ge mcdonald douglas tests on an md-80 aircraft 138 00:03:09,270 --> 00:03:09,280 139 00:03:09,280 --> 00:03:11,110 these tests verified the readiness of 140 00:03:11,110 --> 00:03:11,120 these tests verified the readiness of 141 00:03:11,120 --> 00:03:12,710 these tests verified the readiness of the advanced turboprop project for 142 00:03:12,710 --> 00:03:12,720 the advanced turboprop project for 143 00:03:12,720 --> 00:03:14,630 the advanced turboprop project for commercial engine development 144 00:03:14,630 --> 00:03:14,640 commercial engine development 145 00:03:14,640 --> 00:03:16,630 commercial engine development another way nasa is helping the aviation 146 00:03:16,630 --> 00:03:16,640 another way nasa is helping the aviation 147 00:03:16,640 --> 00:03:19,910 another way nasa is helping the aviation industry to a more efficient future 148 00:03:19,910 --> 00:03:19,920 industry to a more efficient future 149 00:03:19,920 --> 00:03:21,990 industry to a more efficient future another form of a propulsion system is 150 00:03:21,990 --> 00:03:22,000 another form of a propulsion system is 151 00:03:22,000 --> 00:03:29,509 another form of a propulsion system is the diesel engine 152 00:03:29,509 --> 00:03:29,519 153 00:03:29,519 --> 00:03:31,589 when you think of diesel engines you 154 00:03:31,589 --> 00:03:31,599 when you think of diesel engines you 155 00:03:31,599 --> 00:03:33,990 when you think of diesel engines you probably think of certain types of cars 156 00:03:33,990 --> 00:03:34,000 probably think of certain types of cars 157 00:03:34,000 --> 00:03:35,830 probably think of certain types of cars or heavy trucks barreling down the 158 00:03:35,830 --> 00:03:35,840 or heavy trucks barreling down the 159 00:03:35,840 --> 00:03:36,789 or heavy trucks barreling down the highway 160 00:03:36,789 --> 00:03:36,799 highway 161 00:03:36,799 --> 00:03:39,830 highway but technology developed by nasa is 162 00:03:39,830 --> 00:03:39,840 but technology developed by nasa is 163 00:03:39,840 --> 00:03:41,670 but technology developed by nasa is currently creating breakthroughs in 164 00:03:41,670 --> 00:03:41,680 currently creating breakthroughs in 165 00:03:41,680 --> 00:03:43,830 currently creating breakthroughs in aircraft diesel engines 166 00:03:43,830 --> 00:03:43,840 aircraft diesel engines 167 00:03:43,840 --> 00:03:46,070 aircraft diesel engines nasa is also designing remarkable 168 00:03:46,070 --> 00:03:46,080 nasa is also designing remarkable 169 00:03:46,080 --> 00:03:47,830 nasa is also designing remarkable improvements for diesel engines and 170 00:03:47,830 --> 00:03:47,840 improvements for diesel engines and 171 00:03:47,840 --> 00:03:49,270 improvements for diesel engines and trucks 172 00:03:49,270 --> 00:03:49,280 trucks 173 00:03:49,280 --> 00:03:51,509 trucks enthusiasm for the development of diesel 174 00:03:51,509 --> 00:03:51,519 enthusiasm for the development of diesel 175 00:03:51,519 --> 00:03:53,910 enthusiasm for the development of diesel engines is reaching pre-world war two 176 00:03:53,910 --> 00:03:53,920 engines is reaching pre-world war two 177 00:03:53,920 --> 00:03:54,949 engines is reaching pre-world war two levels 178 00:03:54,949 --> 00:03:54,959 levels 179 00:03:54,959 --> 00:03:57,110 levels that's when diesel engine technology was 180 00:03:57,110 --> 00:03:57,120 that's when diesel engine technology was 181 00:03:57,120 --> 00:03:59,270 that's when diesel engine technology was very popular for its endurance and 182 00:03:59,270 --> 00:03:59,280 very popular for its endurance and 183 00:03:59,280 --> 00:04:01,750 very popular for its endurance and altitude records set on long distance 184 00:04:01,750 --> 00:04:01,760 altitude records set on long distance 185 00:04:01,760 --> 00:04:03,350 altitude records set on long distance flights 186 00:04:03,350 --> 00:04:03,360 flights 187 00:04:03,360 --> 00:04:04,869 flights although the war halted further 188 00:04:04,869 --> 00:04:04,879 although the war halted further 189 00:04:04,879 --> 00:04:07,190 although the war halted further development of aircraft diesel engines 190 00:04:07,190 --> 00:04:07,200 development of aircraft diesel engines 191 00:04:07,200 --> 00:04:09,429 development of aircraft diesel engines work on the engines continued again well 192 00:04:09,429 --> 00:04:09,439 work on the engines continued again well 193 00:04:09,439 --> 00:04:10,869 work on the engines continued again well after the war 194 00:04:10,869 --> 00:04:10,879 after the war 195 00:04:10,879 --> 00:04:13,350 after the war the united states army is developing and 196 00:04:13,350 --> 00:04:13,360 the united states army is developing and 197 00:04:13,360 --> 00:04:16,310 the united states army is developing and designing diesel engines for helicopters 198 00:04:16,310 --> 00:04:16,320 designing diesel engines for helicopters 199 00:04:16,320 --> 00:04:18,710 designing diesel engines for helicopters various industries throughout the world 200 00:04:18,710 --> 00:04:18,720 various industries throughout the world 201 00:04:18,720 --> 00:04:21,189 various industries throughout the world are planning to develop aircraft diesel 202 00:04:21,189 --> 00:04:21,199 are planning to develop aircraft diesel 203 00:04:21,199 --> 00:04:23,430 are planning to develop aircraft diesel and diesel engines used in heavy-duty 204 00:04:23,430 --> 00:04:23,440 and diesel engines used in heavy-duty 205 00:04:23,440 --> 00:04:25,430 and diesel engines used in heavy-duty trucks are being improved upon by the 206 00:04:25,430 --> 00:04:25,440 trucks are being improved upon by the 207 00:04:25,440 --> 00:04:28,230 trucks are being improved upon by the department of energy diesel engines are 208 00:04:28,230 --> 00:04:28,240 department of energy diesel engines are 209 00:04:28,240 --> 00:04:30,950 department of energy diesel engines are primarily used when high power is needed 210 00:04:30,950 --> 00:04:30,960 primarily used when high power is needed 211 00:04:30,960 --> 00:04:33,670 primarily used when high power is needed and fuel consumption and durability are 212 00:04:33,670 --> 00:04:33,680 and fuel consumption and durability are 213 00:04:33,680 --> 00:04:36,390 and fuel consumption and durability are of concern trucks stationary power 214 00:04:36,390 --> 00:04:36,400 of concern trucks stationary power 215 00:04:36,400 --> 00:04:39,590 of concern trucks stationary power plants large ships even tug boats use 216 00:04:39,590 --> 00:04:39,600 plants large ships even tug boats use 217 00:04:39,600 --> 00:04:41,430 plants large ships even tug boats use diesel engines 218 00:04:41,430 --> 00:04:41,440 diesel engines 219 00:04:41,440 --> 00:04:43,830 diesel engines a man who sees a bright future in diesel 220 00:04:43,830 --> 00:04:43,840 a man who sees a bright future in diesel 221 00:04:43,840 --> 00:04:46,870 a man who sees a bright future in diesel technology is mr william wintucky 222 00:04:46,870 --> 00:04:46,880 technology is mr william wintucky 223 00:04:46,880 --> 00:04:49,510 technology is mr william wintucky mr wintucky who has done much research 224 00:04:49,510 --> 00:04:49,520 mr wintucky who has done much research 225 00:04:49,520 --> 00:04:51,909 mr wintucky who has done much research on aviation diesel is involved with a 226 00:04:51,909 --> 00:04:51,919 on aviation diesel is involved with a 227 00:04:51,919 --> 00:04:53,909 on aviation diesel is involved with a number of projects at nasa lewis 228 00:04:53,909 --> 00:04:53,919 number of projects at nasa lewis 229 00:04:53,919 --> 00:04:56,230 number of projects at nasa lewis research center aimed at improving 230 00:04:56,230 --> 00:04:56,240 research center aimed at improving 231 00:04:56,240 --> 00:04:58,150 research center aimed at improving diesel engines 232 00:04:58,150 --> 00:04:58,160 diesel engines 233 00:04:58,160 --> 00:05:00,469 diesel engines joint research is underway involving 234 00:05:00,469 --> 00:05:00,479 joint research is underway involving 235 00:05:00,479 --> 00:05:02,790 joint research is underway involving nasa and the department of energy to 236 00:05:02,790 --> 00:05:02,800 nasa and the department of energy to 237 00:05:02,800 --> 00:05:05,990 nasa and the department of energy to make diesel engines more fuel efficient 238 00:05:05,990 --> 00:05:06,000 make diesel engines more fuel efficient 239 00:05:06,000 --> 00:05:09,029 make diesel engines more fuel efficient technology to redirect fuel exhaust back 240 00:05:09,029 --> 00:05:09,039 technology to redirect fuel exhaust back 241 00:05:09,039 --> 00:05:11,670 technology to redirect fuel exhaust back into the engine could result in reduced 242 00:05:11,670 --> 00:05:11,680 into the engine could result in reduced 243 00:05:11,680 --> 00:05:14,310 into the engine could result in reduced fuel consumption of long-haul trucks by 244 00:05:14,310 --> 00:05:14,320 fuel consumption of long-haul trucks by 245 00:05:14,320 --> 00:05:16,230 fuel consumption of long-haul trucks by up to 30 percent 246 00:05:16,230 --> 00:05:16,240 up to 30 percent 247 00:05:16,240 --> 00:05:18,629 up to 30 percent mr wintucky explains the difference 248 00:05:18,629 --> 00:05:18,639 mr wintucky explains the difference 249 00:05:18,639 --> 00:05:21,110 mr wintucky explains the difference between diesel engines and gasoline 250 00:05:21,110 --> 00:05:21,120 between diesel engines and gasoline 251 00:05:21,120 --> 00:05:22,950 between diesel engines and gasoline engines a 252 00:05:22,950 --> 00:05:22,960 engines a 253 00:05:22,960 --> 00:05:26,870 engines a diesel engine is basically the same as a 254 00:05:26,870 --> 00:05:26,880 diesel engine is basically the same as a 255 00:05:26,880 --> 00:05:29,110 diesel engine is basically the same as a gasoline engine except for the 256 00:05:29,110 --> 00:05:29,120 gasoline engine except for the 257 00:05:29,120 --> 00:05:30,870 gasoline engine except for the combustion process 258 00:05:30,870 --> 00:05:30,880 combustion process 259 00:05:30,880 --> 00:05:33,029 combustion process the difference in the combustion process 260 00:05:33,029 --> 00:05:33,039 the difference in the combustion process 261 00:05:33,039 --> 00:05:34,550 the difference in the combustion process is that 262 00:05:34,550 --> 00:05:34,560 is that 263 00:05:34,560 --> 00:05:35,430 is that as 264 00:05:35,430 --> 00:05:35,440 as 265 00:05:35,440 --> 00:05:38,469 as the fuel is compressed by the piston 266 00:05:38,469 --> 00:05:38,479 the fuel is compressed by the piston 267 00:05:38,479 --> 00:05:40,790 the fuel is compressed by the piston the temperature is raised 268 00:05:40,790 --> 00:05:40,800 the temperature is raised 269 00:05:40,800 --> 00:05:43,990 the temperature is raised to a point where ignition 270 00:05:43,990 --> 00:05:44,000 to a point where ignition 271 00:05:44,000 --> 00:05:47,350 to a point where ignition is started by the heat of compression 272 00:05:47,350 --> 00:05:47,360 is started by the heat of compression 273 00:05:47,360 --> 00:05:49,350 is started by the heat of compression from the piston 274 00:05:49,350 --> 00:05:49,360 from the piston 275 00:05:49,360 --> 00:05:50,390 from the piston in 276 00:05:50,390 --> 00:05:50,400 in 277 00:05:50,400 --> 00:05:51,350 in the 278 00:05:51,350 --> 00:05:51,360 the 279 00:05:51,360 --> 00:05:53,270 the gasoline engine 280 00:05:53,270 --> 00:05:53,280 gasoline engine 281 00:05:53,280 --> 00:05:55,189 gasoline engine the combustion is controlled by a spark 282 00:05:55,189 --> 00:05:55,199 the combustion is controlled by a spark 283 00:05:55,199 --> 00:05:56,230 the combustion is controlled by a spark plug 284 00:05:56,230 --> 00:05:56,240 plug 285 00:05:56,240 --> 00:05:57,909 plug and ignition 286 00:05:57,909 --> 00:05:57,919 and ignition 287 00:05:57,919 --> 00:06:00,629 and ignition is controlled when you want it started 288 00:06:00,629 --> 00:06:00,639 is controlled when you want it started 289 00:06:00,639 --> 00:06:02,309 is controlled when you want it started by an electrical 290 00:06:02,309 --> 00:06:02,319 by an electrical 291 00:06:02,319 --> 00:06:04,309 by an electrical impulse which discharges through the 292 00:06:04,309 --> 00:06:04,319 impulse which discharges through the 293 00:06:04,319 --> 00:06:05,590 impulse which discharges through the spark plug 294 00:06:05,590 --> 00:06:05,600 spark plug 295 00:06:05,600 --> 00:06:08,390 spark plug in the case of the diesel engine 296 00:06:08,390 --> 00:06:08,400 in the case of the diesel engine 297 00:06:08,400 --> 00:06:11,430 in the case of the diesel engine when the fuel is raised to its auto 298 00:06:11,430 --> 00:06:11,440 when the fuel is raised to its auto 299 00:06:11,440 --> 00:06:13,189 when the fuel is raised to its auto ignition temperature 300 00:06:13,189 --> 00:06:13,199 ignition temperature 301 00:06:13,199 --> 00:06:15,110 ignition temperature the fuel ignites throughout the 302 00:06:15,110 --> 00:06:15,120 the fuel ignites throughout the 303 00:06:15,120 --> 00:06:16,950 the fuel ignites throughout the combustion chamber 304 00:06:16,950 --> 00:06:16,960 combustion chamber 305 00:06:16,960 --> 00:06:19,749 combustion chamber at the same time and therefore 306 00:06:19,749 --> 00:06:19,759 at the same time and therefore 307 00:06:19,759 --> 00:06:22,150 at the same time and therefore the pressure rises very rapidly just 308 00:06:22,150 --> 00:06:22,160 the pressure rises very rapidly just 309 00:06:22,160 --> 00:06:24,150 the pressure rises very rapidly just like an explosion and as a matter of 310 00:06:24,150 --> 00:06:24,160 like an explosion and as a matter of 311 00:06:24,160 --> 00:06:26,150 like an explosion and as a matter of fact is an explosion 312 00:06:26,150 --> 00:06:26,160 fact is an explosion 313 00:06:26,160 --> 00:06:28,390 fact is an explosion and that's why sometimes 314 00:06:28,390 --> 00:06:28,400 and that's why sometimes 315 00:06:28,400 --> 00:06:30,550 and that's why sometimes when you hear a diesel engine going down 316 00:06:30,550 --> 00:06:30,560 when you hear a diesel engine going down 317 00:06:30,560 --> 00:06:32,070 when you hear a diesel engine going down the street and it sounds like it's 318 00:06:32,070 --> 00:06:32,080 the street and it sounds like it's 319 00:06:32,080 --> 00:06:33,909 the street and it sounds like it's knocking you are actually hearing the 320 00:06:33,909 --> 00:06:33,919 knocking you are actually hearing the 321 00:06:33,919 --> 00:06:37,350 knocking you are actually hearing the explosions of the combustion process 322 00:06:37,350 --> 00:06:37,360 explosions of the combustion process 323 00:06:37,360 --> 00:06:40,550 explosions of the combustion process because of the 324 00:06:40,550 --> 00:06:40,560 because of the 325 00:06:40,560 --> 00:06:44,309 because of the explosions or very rapid pressure rises 326 00:06:44,309 --> 00:06:44,319 explosions or very rapid pressure rises 327 00:06:44,319 --> 00:06:46,550 explosions or very rapid pressure rises in the diesel combustion chamber the 328 00:06:46,550 --> 00:06:46,560 in the diesel combustion chamber the 329 00:06:46,560 --> 00:06:49,510 in the diesel combustion chamber the walls of the chamber have to be thicker 330 00:06:49,510 --> 00:06:49,520 walls of the chamber have to be thicker 331 00:06:49,520 --> 00:06:52,469 walls of the chamber have to be thicker and also the bearings have to be larger 332 00:06:52,469 --> 00:06:52,479 and also the bearings have to be larger 333 00:06:52,479 --> 00:06:55,990 and also the bearings have to be larger overall the engine must be much stronger 334 00:06:55,990 --> 00:06:56,000 overall the engine must be much stronger 335 00:06:56,000 --> 00:06:59,029 overall the engine must be much stronger to design for the explosions 336 00:06:59,029 --> 00:06:59,039 to design for the explosions 337 00:06:59,039 --> 00:07:01,270 to design for the explosions why develop better diesel engines and 338 00:07:01,270 --> 00:07:01,280 why develop better diesel engines and 339 00:07:01,280 --> 00:07:03,830 why develop better diesel engines and why create one for aircraft 340 00:07:03,830 --> 00:07:03,840 why create one for aircraft 341 00:07:03,840 --> 00:07:06,629 why create one for aircraft diesel fuel which is oil can be produced 342 00:07:06,629 --> 00:07:06,639 diesel fuel which is oil can be produced 343 00:07:06,639 --> 00:07:09,430 diesel fuel which is oil can be produced from a wide variety of sources such as 344 00:07:09,430 --> 00:07:09,440 from a wide variety of sources such as 345 00:07:09,440 --> 00:07:12,550 from a wide variety of sources such as of all things sunflower oil or peanut 346 00:07:12,550 --> 00:07:12,560 of all things sunflower oil or peanut 347 00:07:12,560 --> 00:07:13,670 of all things sunflower oil or peanut oil 348 00:07:13,670 --> 00:07:13,680 oil 349 00:07:13,680 --> 00:07:16,390 oil also diesel fuel is safer 350 00:07:16,390 --> 00:07:16,400 also diesel fuel is safer 351 00:07:16,400 --> 00:07:20,469 also diesel fuel is safer because it does not ignite on its own 352 00:07:20,469 --> 00:07:20,479 because it does not ignite on its own 353 00:07:20,479 --> 00:07:23,029 because it does not ignite on its own absence of an electrical ignition system 354 00:07:23,029 --> 00:07:23,039 absence of an electrical ignition system 355 00:07:23,039 --> 00:07:25,670 absence of an electrical ignition system eliminated radio interference another 356 00:07:25,670 --> 00:07:25,680 eliminated radio interference another 357 00:07:25,680 --> 00:07:28,550 eliminated radio interference another safety factor for aircraft diesels 358 00:07:28,550 --> 00:07:28,560 safety factor for aircraft diesels 359 00:07:28,560 --> 00:07:30,710 safety factor for aircraft diesels the desire to use the fuel-efficient 360 00:07:30,710 --> 00:07:30,720 the desire to use the fuel-efficient 361 00:07:30,720 --> 00:07:34,710 the desire to use the fuel-efficient diesel engine in aircraft is not new 362 00:07:34,710 --> 00:07:34,720 diesel engine in aircraft is not new 363 00:07:34,720 --> 00:07:37,189 diesel engine in aircraft is not new interest in aircraft diesel engines goes 364 00:07:37,189 --> 00:07:37,199 interest in aircraft diesel engines goes 365 00:07:37,199 --> 00:07:40,070 interest in aircraft diesel engines goes back as almost as far as internal 366 00:07:40,070 --> 00:07:40,080 back as almost as far as internal 367 00:07:40,080 --> 00:07:42,309 back as almost as far as internal combustion engine gasoline engines 368 00:07:42,309 --> 00:07:42,319 combustion engine gasoline engines 369 00:07:42,319 --> 00:07:45,110 combustion engine gasoline engines dating back to 1911. 370 00:07:45,110 --> 00:07:45,120 dating back to 1911. 371 00:07:45,120 --> 00:07:46,710 dating back to 1911. the main reason 372 00:07:46,710 --> 00:07:46,720 the main reason 373 00:07:46,720 --> 00:07:47,909 the main reason that 374 00:07:47,909 --> 00:07:47,919 that 375 00:07:47,919 --> 00:07:50,230 that diesel engines were considered for 376 00:07:50,230 --> 00:07:50,240 diesel engines were considered for 377 00:07:50,240 --> 00:07:53,189 diesel engines were considered for aircraft use very early on 378 00:07:53,189 --> 00:07:53,199 aircraft use very early on 379 00:07:53,199 --> 00:07:55,350 aircraft use very early on was at that time 380 00:07:55,350 --> 00:07:55,360 was at that time 381 00:07:55,360 --> 00:07:58,150 was at that time all of the gasoline engines were 382 00:07:58,150 --> 00:07:58,160 all of the gasoline engines were 383 00:07:58,160 --> 00:07:59,510 all of the gasoline engines were carbureted 384 00:07:59,510 --> 00:07:59,520 carbureted 385 00:07:59,520 --> 00:08:01,589 carbureted and one of the main problems that 386 00:08:01,589 --> 00:08:01,599 and one of the main problems that 387 00:08:01,599 --> 00:08:03,110 and one of the main problems that aircraft had 388 00:08:03,110 --> 00:08:03,120 aircraft had 389 00:08:03,120 --> 00:08:04,070 aircraft had was 390 00:08:04,070 --> 00:08:04,080 was 391 00:08:04,080 --> 00:08:05,510 was icing 392 00:08:05,510 --> 00:08:05,520 icing 393 00:08:05,520 --> 00:08:06,390 icing and 394 00:08:06,390 --> 00:08:06,400 and 395 00:08:06,400 --> 00:08:09,189 and with diesel fuel since the fuel was 396 00:08:09,189 --> 00:08:09,199 with diesel fuel since the fuel was 397 00:08:09,199 --> 00:08:11,110 with diesel fuel since the fuel was injected directly into the cylinder 398 00:08:11,110 --> 00:08:11,120 injected directly into the cylinder 399 00:08:11,120 --> 00:08:12,869 injected directly into the cylinder there was no problem with carburetor 400 00:08:12,869 --> 00:08:12,879 there was no problem with carburetor 401 00:08:12,879 --> 00:08:15,350 there was no problem with carburetor icing or ice forming in the carburetor 402 00:08:15,350 --> 00:08:15,360 icing or ice forming in the carburetor 403 00:08:15,360 --> 00:08:17,430 icing or ice forming in the carburetor stopping the fuel flow and of course 404 00:08:17,430 --> 00:08:17,440 stopping the fuel flow and of course 405 00:08:17,440 --> 00:08:19,589 stopping the fuel flow and of course stopping the engine 406 00:08:19,589 --> 00:08:19,599 stopping the engine 407 00:08:19,599 --> 00:08:23,510 stopping the engine a second and almost important reason was 408 00:08:23,510 --> 00:08:23,520 a second and almost important reason was 409 00:08:23,520 --> 00:08:26,070 a second and almost important reason was the fact that diesel fuel does not auto 410 00:08:26,070 --> 00:08:26,080 the fact that diesel fuel does not auto 411 00:08:26,080 --> 00:08:27,270 the fact that diesel fuel does not auto ignite 412 00:08:27,270 --> 00:08:27,280 ignite 413 00:08:27,280 --> 00:08:30,629 ignite which was a problem in the early days 414 00:08:30,629 --> 00:08:30,639 which was a problem in the early days 415 00:08:30,639 --> 00:08:32,949 which was a problem in the early days of aircraft 416 00:08:32,949 --> 00:08:32,959 of aircraft 417 00:08:32,959 --> 00:08:34,550 of aircraft auto ignition 418 00:08:34,550 --> 00:08:34,560 auto ignition 419 00:08:34,560 --> 00:08:38,190 auto ignition is the process where the fuel ignites 420 00:08:38,190 --> 00:08:38,200 is the process where the fuel ignites 421 00:08:38,200 --> 00:08:41,430 is the process where the fuel ignites spontaneously or without any external 422 00:08:41,430 --> 00:08:41,440 spontaneously or without any external 423 00:08:41,440 --> 00:08:43,190 spontaneously or without any external source 424 00:08:43,190 --> 00:08:43,200 source 425 00:08:43,200 --> 00:08:45,670 source in the case of gasoline gasoline 426 00:08:45,670 --> 00:08:45,680 in the case of gasoline gasoline 427 00:08:45,680 --> 00:08:48,150 in the case of gasoline gasoline vaporizes very easily 428 00:08:48,150 --> 00:08:48,160 vaporizes very easily 429 00:08:48,160 --> 00:08:50,230 vaporizes very easily and 430 00:08:50,230 --> 00:08:50,240 and 431 00:08:50,240 --> 00:08:53,269 and the vapors are very combustible 432 00:08:53,269 --> 00:08:53,279 the vapors are very combustible 433 00:08:53,279 --> 00:08:55,590 the vapors are very combustible with diesel fuel diesel fuel does not 434 00:08:55,590 --> 00:08:55,600 with diesel fuel diesel fuel does not 435 00:08:55,600 --> 00:08:58,470 with diesel fuel diesel fuel does not vaporize very easily and stays as a 436 00:08:58,470 --> 00:08:58,480 vaporize very easily and stays as a 437 00:08:58,480 --> 00:09:00,949 vaporize very easily and stays as a liquid so therefore it is a much safer 438 00:09:00,949 --> 00:09:00,959 liquid so therefore it is a much safer 439 00:09:00,959 --> 00:09:02,550 liquid so therefore it is a much safer fuel to use 440 00:09:02,550 --> 00:09:02,560 fuel to use 441 00:09:02,560 --> 00:09:04,949 fuel to use the diesel or compression ignition 442 00:09:04,949 --> 00:09:04,959 the diesel or compression ignition 443 00:09:04,959 --> 00:09:07,829 the diesel or compression ignition engine was first designed by dr rudolph 444 00:09:07,829 --> 00:09:07,839 engine was first designed by dr rudolph 445 00:09:07,839 --> 00:09:09,670 engine was first designed by dr rudolph diesel of germany 446 00:09:09,670 --> 00:09:09,680 diesel of germany 447 00:09:09,680 --> 00:09:13,110 diesel of germany by 1897 the first commercially practical 448 00:09:13,110 --> 00:09:13,120 by 1897 the first commercially practical 449 00:09:13,120 --> 00:09:15,670 by 1897 the first commercially practical diesel was put into use in the form of 450 00:09:15,670 --> 00:09:15,680 diesel was put into use in the form of 451 00:09:15,680 --> 00:09:17,750 diesel was put into use in the form of an industrial engine 452 00:09:17,750 --> 00:09:17,760 an industrial engine 453 00:09:17,760 --> 00:09:21,269 an industrial engine about 1910 the heavy slow speed diesel 454 00:09:21,269 --> 00:09:21,279 about 1910 the heavy slow speed diesel 455 00:09:21,279 --> 00:09:24,230 about 1910 the heavy slow speed diesel engines were replaced with higher speed 456 00:09:24,230 --> 00:09:24,240 engines were replaced with higher speed 457 00:09:24,240 --> 00:09:26,389 engines were replaced with higher speed lightweight engines which provided a 458 00:09:26,389 --> 00:09:26,399 lightweight engines which provided a 459 00:09:26,399 --> 00:09:30,550 lightweight engines which provided a major step toward aviation diesel use 460 00:09:30,550 --> 00:09:30,560 major step toward aviation diesel use 461 00:09:30,560 --> 00:09:33,350 major step toward aviation diesel use in nineteen thirty one the nine cylinder 462 00:09:33,350 --> 00:09:33,360 in nineteen thirty one the nine cylinder 463 00:09:33,360 --> 00:09:36,630 in nineteen thirty one the nine cylinder packard diesel built in the u.s set and 464 00:09:36,630 --> 00:09:36,640 packard diesel built in the u.s set and 465 00:09:36,640 --> 00:09:38,870 packard diesel built in the u.s set and still holds the world diesel flight 466 00:09:38,870 --> 00:09:38,880 still holds the world diesel flight 467 00:09:38,880 --> 00:09:42,070 still holds the world diesel flight endurance record of 84 hours and 35 468 00:09:42,070 --> 00:09:42,080 endurance record of 84 hours and 35 469 00:09:42,080 --> 00:09:45,670 endurance record of 84 hours and 35 minutes without refueling 470 00:09:45,670 --> 00:09:45,680 minutes without refueling 471 00:09:45,680 --> 00:09:47,430 minutes without refueling credit for originating the diesel 472 00:09:47,430 --> 00:09:47,440 credit for originating the diesel 473 00:09:47,440 --> 00:09:50,310 credit for originating the diesel aircraft engine is given to germany's dr 474 00:09:50,310 --> 00:09:50,320 aircraft engine is given to germany's dr 475 00:09:50,320 --> 00:09:52,070 aircraft engine is given to germany's dr hugo junkers 476 00:09:52,070 --> 00:09:52,080 hugo junkers 477 00:09:52,080 --> 00:09:55,509 hugo junkers dr junkers was interested in development 478 00:09:55,509 --> 00:09:55,519 dr junkers was interested in development 479 00:09:55,519 --> 00:09:56,630 dr junkers was interested in development of 480 00:09:56,630 --> 00:09:56,640 of 481 00:09:56,640 --> 00:09:58,310 of a diesel engine 482 00:09:58,310 --> 00:09:58,320 a diesel engine 483 00:09:58,320 --> 00:10:00,150 a diesel engine to power 484 00:10:00,150 --> 00:10:00,160 to power 485 00:10:00,160 --> 00:10:01,430 to power commercial 486 00:10:01,430 --> 00:10:01,440 commercial 487 00:10:01,440 --> 00:10:03,190 commercial aircraft 488 00:10:03,190 --> 00:10:03,200 aircraft 489 00:10:03,200 --> 00:10:04,630 aircraft at the time 490 00:10:04,630 --> 00:10:04,640 at the time 491 00:10:04,640 --> 00:10:07,350 at the time there were no transatlantic flights 492 00:10:07,350 --> 00:10:07,360 there were no transatlantic flights 493 00:10:07,360 --> 00:10:09,389 there were no transatlantic flights because 494 00:10:09,389 --> 00:10:09,399 because 495 00:10:09,399 --> 00:10:11,829 because gasoline-powered aircraft could not 496 00:10:11,829 --> 00:10:11,839 gasoline-powered aircraft could not 497 00:10:11,839 --> 00:10:14,310 gasoline-powered aircraft could not carry enough fuel to cross the atlantic 498 00:10:14,310 --> 00:10:14,320 carry enough fuel to cross the atlantic 499 00:10:14,320 --> 00:10:16,310 carry enough fuel to cross the atlantic and still have enough 500 00:10:16,310 --> 00:10:16,320 and still have enough 501 00:10:16,320 --> 00:10:18,870 and still have enough room left for payload and the diesel 502 00:10:18,870 --> 00:10:18,880 room left for payload and the diesel 503 00:10:18,880 --> 00:10:19,990 room left for payload and the diesel engine 504 00:10:19,990 --> 00:10:20,000 engine 505 00:10:20,000 --> 00:10:23,350 engine was the only engine at that time known 506 00:10:23,350 --> 00:10:23,360 was the only engine at that time known 507 00:10:23,360 --> 00:10:25,430 was the only engine at that time known to have the fuel efficiency that would 508 00:10:25,430 --> 00:10:25,440 to have the fuel efficiency that would 509 00:10:25,440 --> 00:10:26,949 to have the fuel efficiency that would allow 510 00:10:26,949 --> 00:10:26,959 allow 511 00:10:26,959 --> 00:10:29,509 allow transatlantic flight and still have room 512 00:10:29,509 --> 00:10:29,519 transatlantic flight and still have room 513 00:10:29,519 --> 00:10:32,790 transatlantic flight and still have room to carry either mail or payload 514 00:10:32,790 --> 00:10:32,800 to carry either mail or payload 515 00:10:32,800 --> 00:10:36,630 to carry either mail or payload so in conjunction with lufthansa 516 00:10:36,630 --> 00:10:36,640 so in conjunction with lufthansa 517 00:10:36,640 --> 00:10:39,030 so in conjunction with lufthansa the junkers joomla 518 00:10:39,030 --> 00:10:39,040 the junkers joomla 519 00:10:39,040 --> 00:10:41,030 the junkers joomla engine was developed 520 00:10:41,030 --> 00:10:41,040 engine was developed 521 00:10:41,040 --> 00:10:44,230 engine was developed and installed on 522 00:10:44,230 --> 00:10:44,240 and installed on 523 00:10:44,240 --> 00:10:47,430 and installed on a number of flying votes which lufthansa 524 00:10:47,430 --> 00:10:47,440 a number of flying votes which lufthansa 525 00:10:47,440 --> 00:10:50,710 a number of flying votes which lufthansa entered into transatlantic service from 526 00:10:50,710 --> 00:10:50,720 entered into transatlantic service from 527 00:10:50,720 --> 00:10:55,110 entered into transatlantic service from the azores to south america in 1936. 528 00:10:55,110 --> 00:10:55,120 the azores to south america in 1936. 529 00:10:55,120 --> 00:10:57,509 the azores to south america in 1936. the jumo continued operating until the 530 00:10:57,509 --> 00:10:57,519 the jumo continued operating until the 531 00:10:57,519 --> 00:11:00,389 the jumo continued operating until the outbreak of world war ii when production 532 00:11:00,389 --> 00:11:00,399 outbreak of world war ii when production 533 00:11:00,399 --> 00:11:02,710 outbreak of world war ii when production turned to the more easily designed and 534 00:11:02,710 --> 00:11:02,720 turned to the more easily designed and 535 00:11:02,720 --> 00:11:04,870 turned to the more easily designed and constructed gasoline engines from 536 00:11:04,870 --> 00:11:04,880 constructed gasoline engines from 537 00:11:04,880 --> 00:11:07,509 constructed gasoline engines from military aircraft 538 00:11:07,509 --> 00:11:07,519 military aircraft 539 00:11:07,519 --> 00:11:09,829 military aircraft the british developed the last major 540 00:11:09,829 --> 00:11:09,839 the british developed the last major 541 00:11:09,839 --> 00:11:12,150 the british developed the last major aircraft diesel engine which used a 542 00:11:12,150 --> 00:11:12,160 aircraft diesel engine which used a 543 00:11:12,160 --> 00:11:14,550 aircraft diesel engine which used a turbine to give it more power 544 00:11:14,550 --> 00:11:14,560 turbine to give it more power 545 00:11:14,560 --> 00:11:16,949 turbine to give it more power mr wintucky gives us some insight into 546 00:11:16,949 --> 00:11:16,959 mr wintucky gives us some insight into 547 00:11:16,959 --> 00:11:18,870 mr wintucky gives us some insight into the most fuel-efficient engine ever 548 00:11:18,870 --> 00:11:18,880 the most fuel-efficient engine ever 549 00:11:18,880 --> 00:11:22,230 the most fuel-efficient engine ever flown british napier nomad engine was 550 00:11:22,230 --> 00:11:22,240 flown british napier nomad engine was 551 00:11:22,240 --> 00:11:23,670 flown british napier nomad engine was very unique 552 00:11:23,670 --> 00:11:23,680 very unique 553 00:11:23,680 --> 00:11:26,230 very unique it was really a 554 00:11:26,230 --> 00:11:26,240 it was really a 555 00:11:26,240 --> 00:11:29,910 it was really a very high performance turbocharger 556 00:11:29,910 --> 00:11:29,920 very high performance turbocharger 557 00:11:29,920 --> 00:11:31,190 very high performance turbocharger in that 558 00:11:31,190 --> 00:11:31,200 in that 559 00:11:31,200 --> 00:11:34,470 in that the exhaust gases from the engine 560 00:11:34,470 --> 00:11:34,480 the exhaust gases from the engine 561 00:11:34,480 --> 00:11:36,310 the exhaust gases from the engine the diesel portion 562 00:11:36,310 --> 00:11:36,320 the diesel portion 563 00:11:36,320 --> 00:11:38,710 the diesel portion were ducted into 564 00:11:38,710 --> 00:11:38,720 were ducted into 565 00:11:38,720 --> 00:11:41,110 were ducted into a fan-like turbine 566 00:11:41,110 --> 00:11:41,120 a fan-like turbine 567 00:11:41,120 --> 00:11:44,870 a fan-like turbine which then drove the compressor 568 00:11:44,870 --> 00:11:44,880 which then drove the compressor 569 00:11:44,880 --> 00:11:46,150 which then drove the compressor which 570 00:11:46,150 --> 00:11:46,160 which 571 00:11:46,160 --> 00:11:47,750 which compressed air 572 00:11:47,750 --> 00:11:47,760 compressed air 573 00:11:47,760 --> 00:11:50,629 compressed air and put it into the inlet of the diesel 574 00:11:50,629 --> 00:11:50,639 and put it into the inlet of the diesel 575 00:11:50,639 --> 00:11:52,470 and put it into the inlet of the diesel engine 576 00:11:52,470 --> 00:11:52,480 engine 577 00:11:52,480 --> 00:11:54,470 engine this raised the 578 00:11:54,470 --> 00:11:54,480 this raised the 579 00:11:54,480 --> 00:11:57,430 this raised the overall pressure in the engine and 580 00:11:57,430 --> 00:11:57,440 overall pressure in the engine and 581 00:11:57,440 --> 00:12:01,110 overall pressure in the engine and allowed it to produce more power for 582 00:12:01,110 --> 00:12:01,120 allowed it to produce more power for 583 00:12:01,120 --> 00:12:03,829 allowed it to produce more power for the given size of engine that it was 584 00:12:03,829 --> 00:12:03,839 the given size of engine that it was 585 00:12:03,839 --> 00:12:05,750 the given size of engine that it was and in many cases 586 00:12:05,750 --> 00:12:05,760 and in many cases 587 00:12:05,760 --> 00:12:08,230 and in many cases engines will produce two three and even 588 00:12:08,230 --> 00:12:08,240 engines will produce two three and even 589 00:12:08,240 --> 00:12:10,550 engines will produce two three and even four times as much power when 590 00:12:10,550 --> 00:12:10,560 four times as much power when 591 00:12:10,560 --> 00:12:13,990 four times as much power when turbocharged versus when they just have 592 00:12:13,990 --> 00:12:14,000 turbocharged versus when they just have 593 00:12:14,000 --> 00:12:16,790 turbocharged versus when they just have a carburetor on them as would be in your 594 00:12:16,790 --> 00:12:16,800 a carburetor on them as would be in your 595 00:12:16,800 --> 00:12:19,190 a carburetor on them as would be in your normal automobile engine 596 00:12:19,190 --> 00:12:19,200 normal automobile engine 597 00:12:19,200 --> 00:12:21,910 normal automobile engine turbocharged diesel engines for aircraft 598 00:12:21,910 --> 00:12:21,920 turbocharged diesel engines for aircraft 599 00:12:21,920 --> 00:12:23,590 turbocharged diesel engines for aircraft are making a comeback 600 00:12:23,590 --> 00:12:23,600 are making a comeback 601 00:12:23,600 --> 00:12:26,550 are making a comeback nasa research has inspired the us army 602 00:12:26,550 --> 00:12:26,560 nasa research has inspired the us army 603 00:12:26,560 --> 00:12:29,190 nasa research has inspired the us army to develop the technology to use diesel 604 00:12:29,190 --> 00:12:29,200 to develop the technology to use diesel 605 00:12:29,200 --> 00:12:31,190 to develop the technology to use diesel engines in helicopters 606 00:12:31,190 --> 00:12:31,200 engines in helicopters 607 00:12:31,200 --> 00:12:34,310 engines in helicopters early in the 1980s the army did a number 608 00:12:34,310 --> 00:12:34,320 early in the 1980s the army did a number 609 00:12:34,320 --> 00:12:35,670 early in the 1980s the army did a number of studies 610 00:12:35,670 --> 00:12:35,680 of studies 611 00:12:35,680 --> 00:12:37,350 of studies in looking at 612 00:12:37,350 --> 00:12:37,360 in looking at 613 00:12:37,360 --> 00:12:40,629 in looking at engines for light helicopter use 614 00:12:40,629 --> 00:12:40,639 engines for light helicopter use 615 00:12:40,639 --> 00:12:42,069 engines for light helicopter use and they found 616 00:12:42,069 --> 00:12:42,079 and they found 617 00:12:42,079 --> 00:12:42,870 and they found that 618 00:12:42,870 --> 00:12:42,880 that 619 00:12:42,880 --> 00:12:44,310 that through the use of a very highly 620 00:12:44,310 --> 00:12:44,320 through the use of a very highly 621 00:12:44,320 --> 00:12:46,710 through the use of a very highly turbocharged diesel engine they could 622 00:12:46,710 --> 00:12:46,720 turbocharged diesel engine they could 623 00:12:46,720 --> 00:12:49,430 turbocharged diesel engine they could get an increase of up to 50 percent in 624 00:12:49,430 --> 00:12:49,440 get an increase of up to 50 percent in 625 00:12:49,440 --> 00:12:52,069 get an increase of up to 50 percent in range or a payload that a helicopter 626 00:12:52,069 --> 00:12:52,079 range or a payload that a helicopter 627 00:12:52,079 --> 00:12:53,829 range or a payload that a helicopter could carry 628 00:12:53,829 --> 00:12:53,839 could carry 629 00:12:53,839 --> 00:12:54,949 could carry and since 630 00:12:54,949 --> 00:12:54,959 and since 631 00:12:54,959 --> 00:12:56,790 and since for the army 632 00:12:56,790 --> 00:12:56,800 for the army 633 00:12:56,800 --> 00:13:00,150 for the army fuel represents up to 70 percent 634 00:13:00,150 --> 00:13:00,160 fuel represents up to 70 percent 635 00:13:00,160 --> 00:13:03,670 fuel represents up to 70 percent of the amount of supplies that has to be 636 00:13:03,670 --> 00:13:03,680 of the amount of supplies that has to be 637 00:13:03,680 --> 00:13:06,629 of the amount of supplies that has to be transported to the battlefield 638 00:13:06,629 --> 00:13:06,639 transported to the battlefield 639 00:13:06,639 --> 00:13:08,389 transported to the battlefield a 50 640 00:13:08,389 --> 00:13:08,399 a 50 641 00:13:08,399 --> 00:13:11,350 a 50 savings in fuel or a 50 642 00:13:11,350 --> 00:13:11,360 savings in fuel or a 50 643 00:13:11,360 --> 00:13:13,190 savings in fuel or a 50 increase in payload 644 00:13:13,190 --> 00:13:13,200 increase in payload 645 00:13:13,200 --> 00:13:16,230 increase in payload represents a tremendous savings to the 646 00:13:16,230 --> 00:13:16,240 represents a tremendous savings to the 647 00:13:16,240 --> 00:13:19,430 represents a tremendous savings to the army and a reduction in a logistics 648 00:13:19,430 --> 00:13:19,440 army and a reduction in a logistics 649 00:13:19,440 --> 00:13:22,470 army and a reduction in a logistics problem so the army was very much 650 00:13:22,470 --> 00:13:22,480 problem so the army was very much 651 00:13:22,480 --> 00:13:24,150 problem so the army was very much interested in 652 00:13:24,150 --> 00:13:24,160 interested in 653 00:13:24,160 --> 00:13:26,870 interested in the use of the diesel engine to 654 00:13:26,870 --> 00:13:26,880 the use of the diesel engine to 655 00:13:26,880 --> 00:13:27,910 the use of the diesel engine to lower 656 00:13:27,910 --> 00:13:27,920 lower 657 00:13:27,920 --> 00:13:30,230 lower part of its fuel requirements 658 00:13:30,230 --> 00:13:30,240 part of its fuel requirements 659 00:13:30,240 --> 00:13:33,990 part of its fuel requirements the army really took the expertise that 660 00:13:33,990 --> 00:13:34,000 the army really took the expertise that 661 00:13:34,000 --> 00:13:36,949 the army really took the expertise that nasa had developed 662 00:13:36,949 --> 00:13:36,959 nasa had developed 663 00:13:36,959 --> 00:13:38,710 nasa had developed during the time 664 00:13:38,710 --> 00:13:38,720 during the time 665 00:13:38,720 --> 00:13:40,629 during the time that it was looking at the aircraft 666 00:13:40,629 --> 00:13:40,639 that it was looking at the aircraft 667 00:13:40,639 --> 00:13:42,069 that it was looking at the aircraft diesel engine 668 00:13:42,069 --> 00:13:42,079 diesel engine 669 00:13:42,079 --> 00:13:45,110 diesel engine and is now using this expertise in its 670 00:13:45,110 --> 00:13:45,120 and is now using this expertise in its 671 00:13:45,120 --> 00:13:47,750 and is now using this expertise in its own program the engine being developed 672 00:13:47,750 --> 00:13:47,760 own program the engine being developed 673 00:13:47,760 --> 00:13:50,150 own program the engine being developed by the army for helicopters is expected 674 00:13:50,150 --> 00:13:50,160 by the army for helicopters is expected 675 00:13:50,160 --> 00:13:53,350 by the army for helicopters is expected to be operating by the mid 1990s 676 00:13:53,350 --> 00:13:53,360 to be operating by the mid 1990s 677 00:13:53,360 --> 00:13:55,189 to be operating by the mid 1990s and work is being done to develop 678 00:13:55,189 --> 00:13:55,199 and work is being done to develop 679 00:13:55,199 --> 00:13:57,430 and work is being done to develop materials and lubricants able to 680 00:13:57,430 --> 00:13:57,440 materials and lubricants able to 681 00:13:57,440 --> 00:13:59,990 materials and lubricants able to withstand the high temperatures high 682 00:13:59,990 --> 00:14:00,000 withstand the high temperatures high 683 00:14:00,000 --> 00:14:02,710 withstand the high temperatures high speed and high pressure of an aircraft 684 00:14:02,710 --> 00:14:02,720 speed and high pressure of an aircraft 685 00:14:02,720 --> 00:14:04,150 speed and high pressure of an aircraft diesel engine 686 00:14:04,150 --> 00:14:04,160 diesel engine 687 00:14:04,160 --> 00:14:05,509 diesel engine the 688 00:14:05,509 --> 00:14:05,519 the 689 00:14:05,519 --> 00:14:07,910 the oil that you use in your car 690 00:14:07,910 --> 00:14:07,920 oil that you use in your car 691 00:14:07,920 --> 00:14:08,949 oil that you use in your car runs 692 00:14:08,949 --> 00:14:08,959 runs 693 00:14:08,959 --> 00:14:11,910 runs at the most 694 00:14:11,910 --> 00:14:11,920 695 00:14:11,920 --> 00:14:15,350 about 350 degrees fahrenheit 696 00:14:15,350 --> 00:14:15,360 about 350 degrees fahrenheit 697 00:14:15,360 --> 00:14:16,389 about 350 degrees fahrenheit whereas 698 00:14:16,389 --> 00:14:16,399 whereas 699 00:14:16,399 --> 00:14:18,230 whereas in the engine 700 00:14:18,230 --> 00:14:18,240 in the engine 701 00:14:18,240 --> 00:14:19,750 in the engine for 702 00:14:19,750 --> 00:14:19,760 for 703 00:14:19,760 --> 00:14:21,750 for the helicopter we're talking about 704 00:14:21,750 --> 00:14:21,760 the helicopter we're talking about 705 00:14:21,760 --> 00:14:24,629 the helicopter we're talking about running as high as 800 degrees 706 00:14:24,629 --> 00:14:24,639 running as high as 800 degrees 707 00:14:24,639 --> 00:14:26,470 running as high as 800 degrees fahrenheit 708 00:14:26,470 --> 00:14:26,480 fahrenheit 709 00:14:26,480 --> 00:14:28,150 fahrenheit there is no 710 00:14:28,150 --> 00:14:28,160 there is no 711 00:14:28,160 --> 00:14:29,430 there is no oil now 712 00:14:29,430 --> 00:14:29,440 oil now 713 00:14:29,440 --> 00:14:31,110 oil now commercially available that will 714 00:14:31,110 --> 00:14:31,120 commercially available that will 715 00:14:31,120 --> 00:14:33,590 commercially available that will withstand these temperatures 716 00:14:33,590 --> 00:14:33,600 withstand these temperatures 717 00:14:33,600 --> 00:14:35,509 withstand these temperatures there are lubricants 718 00:14:35,509 --> 00:14:35,519 there are lubricants 719 00:14:35,519 --> 00:14:38,310 there are lubricants that can operate at these temperatures 720 00:14:38,310 --> 00:14:38,320 that can operate at these temperatures 721 00:14:38,320 --> 00:14:40,310 that can operate at these temperatures but they cost thousands of dollars and 722 00:14:40,310 --> 00:14:40,320 but they cost thousands of dollars and 723 00:14:40,320 --> 00:14:42,389 but they cost thousands of dollars and the goal of our program 724 00:14:42,389 --> 00:14:42,399 the goal of our program 725 00:14:42,399 --> 00:14:43,670 the goal of our program is to 726 00:14:43,670 --> 00:14:43,680 is to 727 00:14:43,680 --> 00:14:46,150 is to develop new lubricants that will be 728 00:14:46,150 --> 00:14:46,160 develop new lubricants that will be 729 00:14:46,160 --> 00:14:48,230 develop new lubricants that will be economically feasible 730 00:14:48,230 --> 00:14:48,240 economically feasible 731 00:14:48,240 --> 00:14:49,750 economically feasible and 732 00:14:49,750 --> 00:14:49,760 and 733 00:14:49,760 --> 00:14:51,750 and operate within the temperature 734 00:14:51,750 --> 00:14:51,760 operate within the temperature 735 00:14:51,760 --> 00:14:54,870 operate within the temperature limitations that are required to produce 736 00:14:54,870 --> 00:14:54,880 limitations that are required to produce 737 00:14:54,880 --> 00:14:57,350 limitations that are required to produce the power for this engine 738 00:14:57,350 --> 00:14:57,360 the power for this engine 739 00:14:57,360 --> 00:14:59,350 the power for this engine it is hoped the united states army's 740 00:14:59,350 --> 00:14:59,360 it is hoped the united states army's 741 00:14:59,360 --> 00:15:01,829 it is hoped the united states army's efforts with diesel technology will 742 00:15:01,829 --> 00:15:01,839 efforts with diesel technology will 743 00:15:01,839 --> 00:15:04,470 efforts with diesel technology will result in a safer more fuel efficient 744 00:15:04,470 --> 00:15:04,480 result in a safer more fuel efficient 745 00:15:04,480 --> 00:15:07,670 result in a safer more fuel efficient and economical helicopter fleet 746 00:15:07,670 --> 00:15:07,680 and economical helicopter fleet 747 00:15:07,680 --> 00:15:10,150 and economical helicopter fleet the diesel engine's low fuel consumption 748 00:15:10,150 --> 00:15:10,160 the diesel engine's low fuel consumption 749 00:15:10,160 --> 00:15:12,870 the diesel engine's low fuel consumption feature is valuable to countries such as 750 00:15:12,870 --> 00:15:12,880 feature is valuable to countries such as 751 00:15:12,880 --> 00:15:15,829 feature is valuable to countries such as italy and japan where fuel is very 752 00:15:15,829 --> 00:15:15,839 italy and japan where fuel is very 753 00:15:15,839 --> 00:15:19,350 italy and japan where fuel is very costly and also to the ussr where 754 00:15:19,350 --> 00:15:19,360 costly and also to the ussr where 755 00:15:19,360 --> 00:15:21,910 costly and also to the ussr where long-range flights abound 756 00:15:21,910 --> 00:15:21,920 long-range flights abound 757 00:15:21,920 --> 00:15:24,629 long-range flights abound decades ago scientists were able to see 758 00:15:24,629 --> 00:15:24,639 decades ago scientists were able to see 759 00:15:24,639 --> 00:15:26,629 decades ago scientists were able to see the promise of diesel engines in 760 00:15:26,629 --> 00:15:26,639 the promise of diesel engines in 761 00:15:26,639 --> 00:15:27,829 the promise of diesel engines in aircraft 762 00:15:27,829 --> 00:15:27,839 aircraft 763 00:15:27,839 --> 00:15:30,389 aircraft the previous work is the firm foundation 764 00:15:30,389 --> 00:15:30,399 the previous work is the firm foundation 765 00:15:30,399 --> 00:15:33,189 the previous work is the firm foundation on which today's research can stand 766 00:15:33,189 --> 00:15:33,199 on which today's research can stand 767 00:15:33,199 --> 00:15:36,310 on which today's research can stand research that nasa and people such as mr 768 00:15:36,310 --> 00:15:36,320 research that nasa and people such as mr 769 00:15:36,320 --> 00:15:39,189 research that nasa and people such as mr wintucky believe is important and could 770 00:15:39,189 --> 00:15:39,199 wintucky believe is important and could 771 00:15:39,199 --> 00:15:42,150 wintucky believe is important and could result in 21st century aircraft diesel 772 00:15:42,150 --> 00:15:42,160 result in 21st century aircraft diesel 773 00:15:42,160 --> 00:15:43,590 result in 21st century aircraft diesel engines 774 00:15:43,590 --> 00:15:43,600 engines 775 00:15:43,600 --> 00:15:45,189 engines now let's talk about another engine 776 00:15:45,189 --> 00:15:45,199 now let's talk about another engine 777 00:15:45,199 --> 00:15:47,189 now let's talk about another engine you've probably never even heard of the 778 00:15:47,189 --> 00:15:47,199 you've probably never even heard of the 779 00:15:47,199 --> 00:15:55,350 you've probably never even heard of the sterling engine 780 00:15:55,350 --> 00:15:55,360 781 00:15:55,360 --> 00:15:57,110 as part of the work being done in 782 00:15:57,110 --> 00:15:57,120 as part of the work being done in 783 00:15:57,120 --> 00:16:00,389 as part of the work being done in today's dynamic aerospace industry nasa 784 00:16:00,389 --> 00:16:00,399 today's dynamic aerospace industry nasa 785 00:16:00,399 --> 00:16:02,710 today's dynamic aerospace industry nasa lewis research center is further 786 00:16:02,710 --> 00:16:02,720 lewis research center is further 787 00:16:02,720 --> 00:16:05,350 lewis research center is further developing a rather remarkable engine 788 00:16:05,350 --> 00:16:05,360 developing a rather remarkable engine 789 00:16:05,360 --> 00:16:07,990 developing a rather remarkable engine which was invented surprisingly way back 790 00:16:07,990 --> 00:16:08,000 which was invented surprisingly way back 791 00:16:08,000 --> 00:16:09,910 which was invented surprisingly way back in 1816 792 00:16:09,910 --> 00:16:09,920 in 1816 793 00:16:09,920 --> 00:16:12,870 in 1816 named after robert sterling its inventor 794 00:16:12,870 --> 00:16:12,880 named after robert sterling its inventor 795 00:16:12,880 --> 00:16:14,949 named after robert sterling its inventor the sterling engine very well could be 796 00:16:14,949 --> 00:16:14,959 the sterling engine very well could be 797 00:16:14,959 --> 00:16:17,269 the sterling engine very well could be the most exciting and efficient new type 798 00:16:17,269 --> 00:16:17,279 the most exciting and efficient new type 799 00:16:17,279 --> 00:16:19,829 the most exciting and efficient new type of energy conversion device in space 800 00:16:19,829 --> 00:16:19,839 of energy conversion device in space 801 00:16:19,839 --> 00:16:22,870 of energy conversion device in space within the foreseeable future already 802 00:16:22,870 --> 00:16:22,880 within the foreseeable future already 803 00:16:22,880 --> 00:16:24,710 within the foreseeable future already the engine has been developed and tested 804 00:16:24,710 --> 00:16:24,720 the engine has been developed and tested 805 00:16:24,720 --> 00:16:27,110 the engine has been developed and tested successfully as an automotive engine 806 00:16:27,110 --> 00:16:27,120 successfully as an automotive engine 807 00:16:27,120 --> 00:16:29,350 successfully as an automotive engine using less fuel than the car engines we 808 00:16:29,350 --> 00:16:29,360 using less fuel than the car engines we 809 00:16:29,360 --> 00:16:30,550 using less fuel than the car engines we use now 810 00:16:30,550 --> 00:16:30,560 use now 811 00:16:30,560 --> 00:16:32,310 use now and the sterling engine can use a 812 00:16:32,310 --> 00:16:32,320 and the sterling engine can use a 813 00:16:32,320 --> 00:16:36,230 and the sterling engine can use a variety of fuels gasoline diesel fuel 814 00:16:36,230 --> 00:16:36,240 variety of fuels gasoline diesel fuel 815 00:16:36,240 --> 00:16:39,910 variety of fuels gasoline diesel fuel alcohol kerosene and others 816 00:16:39,910 --> 00:16:39,920 alcohol kerosene and others 817 00:16:39,920 --> 00:16:41,670 alcohol kerosene and others during this report though we will 818 00:16:41,670 --> 00:16:41,680 during this report though we will 819 00:16:41,680 --> 00:16:43,749 during this report though we will explore this fascinating engine in its 820 00:16:43,749 --> 00:16:43,759 explore this fascinating engine in its 821 00:16:43,759 --> 00:16:46,230 explore this fascinating engine in its possible uses in space 822 00:16:46,230 --> 00:16:46,240 possible uses in space 823 00:16:46,240 --> 00:16:49,030 possible uses in space logically we begin by asking how does 824 00:16:49,030 --> 00:16:49,040 logically we begin by asking how does 825 00:16:49,040 --> 00:16:51,110 logically we begin by asking how does the sterling engine work 826 00:16:51,110 --> 00:16:51,120 the sterling engine work 827 00:16:51,120 --> 00:16:53,670 the sterling engine work simply put the engine works because of a 828 00:16:53,670 --> 00:16:53,680 simply put the engine works because of a 829 00:16:53,680 --> 00:16:55,509 simply put the engine works because of a difference in temperature 830 00:16:55,509 --> 00:16:55,519 difference in temperature 831 00:16:55,519 --> 00:16:58,069 difference in temperature one end is kept hot while the other is 832 00:16:58,069 --> 00:16:58,079 one end is kept hot while the other is 833 00:16:58,079 --> 00:16:59,189 one end is kept hot while the other is cold 834 00:16:59,189 --> 00:16:59,199 cold 835 00:16:59,199 --> 00:17:01,509 cold within the engine a displacer piston 836 00:17:01,509 --> 00:17:01,519 within the engine a displacer piston 837 00:17:01,519 --> 00:17:03,509 within the engine a displacer piston moves gas from the hot end to the cold 838 00:17:03,509 --> 00:17:03,519 moves gas from the hot end to the cold 839 00:17:03,519 --> 00:17:05,350 moves gas from the hot end to the cold end and back again 840 00:17:05,350 --> 00:17:05,360 end and back again 841 00:17:05,360 --> 00:17:08,549 end and back again as that gas moves its pressure changes 842 00:17:08,549 --> 00:17:08,559 as that gas moves its pressure changes 843 00:17:08,559 --> 00:17:11,110 as that gas moves its pressure changes when the pressure is high the gas pushes 844 00:17:11,110 --> 00:17:11,120 when the pressure is high the gas pushes 845 00:17:11,120 --> 00:17:13,750 when the pressure is high the gas pushes against a power piston causing an output 846 00:17:13,750 --> 00:17:13,760 against a power piston causing an output 847 00:17:13,760 --> 00:17:14,949 against a power piston causing an output of energy 848 00:17:14,949 --> 00:17:14,959 of energy 849 00:17:14,959 --> 00:17:16,829 of energy since the heat input is supplied 850 00:17:16,829 --> 00:17:16,839 since the heat input is supplied 851 00:17:16,839 --> 00:17:19,189 since the heat input is supplied externally anything that will burn or 852 00:17:19,189 --> 00:17:19,199 externally anything that will burn or 853 00:17:19,199 --> 00:17:22,470 externally anything that will burn or make heat such as solar or nuclear power 854 00:17:22,470 --> 00:17:22,480 make heat such as solar or nuclear power 855 00:17:22,480 --> 00:17:25,510 make heat such as solar or nuclear power fossil or gaseous fuels or even garbage 856 00:17:25,510 --> 00:17:25,520 fossil or gaseous fuels or even garbage 857 00:17:25,520 --> 00:17:28,069 fossil or gaseous fuels or even garbage will make the sterling engine run 858 00:17:28,069 --> 00:17:28,079 will make the sterling engine run 859 00:17:28,079 --> 00:17:30,230 will make the sterling engine run nasa is working to develop materials 860 00:17:30,230 --> 00:17:30,240 nasa is working to develop materials 861 00:17:30,240 --> 00:17:31,990 nasa is working to develop materials that can withstand extremely high 862 00:17:31,990 --> 00:17:32,000 that can withstand extremely high 863 00:17:32,000 --> 00:17:33,669 that can withstand extremely high temperatures to be used in the 864 00:17:33,669 --> 00:17:33,679 temperatures to be used in the 865 00:17:33,679 --> 00:17:36,150 temperatures to be used in the construction of the sterling engine 866 00:17:36,150 --> 00:17:36,160 construction of the sterling engine 867 00:17:36,160 --> 00:17:38,549 construction of the sterling engine there are two kinds of sterling engines 868 00:17:38,549 --> 00:17:38,559 there are two kinds of sterling engines 869 00:17:38,559 --> 00:17:41,350 there are two kinds of sterling engines the kinematic and the free piston 870 00:17:41,350 --> 00:17:41,360 the kinematic and the free piston 871 00:17:41,360 --> 00:17:43,750 the kinematic and the free piston the free piston shows the most promise 872 00:17:43,750 --> 00:17:43,760 the free piston shows the most promise 873 00:17:43,760 --> 00:17:46,630 the free piston shows the most promise as a source of electric power in space 874 00:17:46,630 --> 00:17:46,640 as a source of electric power in space 875 00:17:46,640 --> 00:17:48,630 as a source of electric power in space this concept is relatively new 876 00:17:48,630 --> 00:17:48,640 this concept is relatively new 877 00:17:48,640 --> 00:17:51,270 this concept is relatively new approximately 25 years old 878 00:17:51,270 --> 00:17:51,280 approximately 25 years old 879 00:17:51,280 --> 00:17:53,750 approximately 25 years old in their basic form both types have a 880 00:17:53,750 --> 00:17:53,760 in their basic form both types have a 881 00:17:53,760 --> 00:17:55,909 in their basic form both types have a piston and a displacer 882 00:17:55,909 --> 00:17:55,919 piston and a displacer 883 00:17:55,919 --> 00:17:58,230 piston and a displacer in the kinematic engine the piston and 884 00:17:58,230 --> 00:17:58,240 in the kinematic engine the piston and 885 00:17:58,240 --> 00:18:00,390 in the kinematic engine the piston and displacer are connected to other parts 886 00:18:00,390 --> 00:18:00,400 displacer are connected to other parts 887 00:18:00,400 --> 00:18:01,590 displacer are connected to other parts of the engine 888 00:18:01,590 --> 00:18:01,600 of the engine 889 00:18:01,600 --> 00:18:03,909 of the engine but in the free piston the piston and 890 00:18:03,909 --> 00:18:03,919 but in the free piston the piston and 891 00:18:03,919 --> 00:18:05,990 but in the free piston the piston and displacer are not physically connected 892 00:18:05,990 --> 00:18:06,000 displacer are not physically connected 893 00:18:06,000 --> 00:18:08,549 displacer are not physically connected to anything and move solely by forces 894 00:18:08,549 --> 00:18:08,559 to anything and move solely by forces 895 00:18:08,559 --> 00:18:11,270 to anything and move solely by forces and pressures within the engine 896 00:18:11,270 --> 00:18:11,280 and pressures within the engine 897 00:18:11,280 --> 00:18:14,070 and pressures within the engine at nasa's sterling engine project office 898 00:18:14,070 --> 00:18:14,080 at nasa's sterling engine project office 899 00:18:14,080 --> 00:18:16,870 at nasa's sterling engine project office jim dudenhofer special project manager 900 00:18:16,870 --> 00:18:16,880 jim dudenhofer special project manager 901 00:18:16,880 --> 00:18:18,630 jim dudenhofer special project manager had this to say about the sterling 902 00:18:18,630 --> 00:18:18,640 had this to say about the sterling 903 00:18:18,640 --> 00:18:21,350 had this to say about the sterling suitability for use in space 904 00:18:21,350 --> 00:18:21,360 suitability for use in space 905 00:18:21,360 --> 00:18:24,150 suitability for use in space so we have gas bearings 906 00:18:24,150 --> 00:18:24,160 so we have gas bearings 907 00:18:24,160 --> 00:18:26,549 so we have gas bearings to eliminate friction and wear 908 00:18:26,549 --> 00:18:26,559 to eliminate friction and wear 909 00:18:26,559 --> 00:18:28,470 to eliminate friction and wear we have a totally hermetically sealed 910 00:18:28,470 --> 00:18:28,480 we have a totally hermetically sealed 911 00:18:28,480 --> 00:18:31,029 we have a totally hermetically sealed unit which helps us with gas leakage and 912 00:18:31,029 --> 00:18:31,039 unit which helps us with gas leakage and 913 00:18:31,039 --> 00:18:33,909 unit which helps us with gas leakage and permeation in the long term bear in mind 914 00:18:33,909 --> 00:18:33,919 permeation in the long term bear in mind 915 00:18:33,919 --> 00:18:35,510 permeation in the long term bear in mind we're talking about an engine when we 916 00:18:35,510 --> 00:18:35,520 we're talking about an engine when we 917 00:18:35,520 --> 00:18:37,750 we're talking about an engine when we talk about space that must live out 918 00:18:37,750 --> 00:18:37,760 talk about space that must live out 919 00:18:37,760 --> 00:18:39,510 talk about space that must live out there without a mechanic for anywhere 920 00:18:39,510 --> 00:18:39,520 there without a mechanic for anywhere 921 00:18:39,520 --> 00:18:41,669 there without a mechanic for anywhere from seven to twenty years 922 00:18:41,669 --> 00:18:41,679 from seven to twenty years 923 00:18:41,679 --> 00:18:43,830 from seven to twenty years and so long life and and good 924 00:18:43,830 --> 00:18:43,840 and so long life and and good 925 00:18:43,840 --> 00:18:45,430 and so long life and and good maintainability 926 00:18:45,430 --> 00:18:45,440 maintainability 927 00:18:45,440 --> 00:18:47,909 maintainability uh are essential for a space power 928 00:18:47,909 --> 00:18:47,919 uh are essential for a space power 929 00:18:47,919 --> 00:18:48,950 uh are essential for a space power engine 930 00:18:48,950 --> 00:18:48,960 engine 931 00:18:48,960 --> 00:18:51,590 engine nasa lewis research center continues its 932 00:18:51,590 --> 00:18:51,600 nasa lewis research center continues its 933 00:18:51,600 --> 00:18:53,830 nasa lewis research center continues its work with the sterling engine as part of 934 00:18:53,830 --> 00:18:53,840 work with the sterling engine as part of 935 00:18:53,840 --> 00:18:55,830 work with the sterling engine as part of a project called the civil space 936 00:18:55,830 --> 00:18:55,840 a project called the civil space 937 00:18:55,840 --> 00:18:58,070 a project called the civil space technology initiative 938 00:18:58,070 --> 00:18:58,080 technology initiative 939 00:18:58,080 --> 00:18:59,909 technology initiative the purpose is to develop various 940 00:18:59,909 --> 00:18:59,919 the purpose is to develop various 941 00:18:59,919 --> 00:19:02,950 the purpose is to develop various technologies for future use in space 942 00:19:02,950 --> 00:19:02,960 technologies for future use in space 943 00:19:02,960 --> 00:19:06,390 technologies for future use in space until about 1985 there were free piston 944 00:19:06,390 --> 00:19:06,400 until about 1985 there were free piston 945 00:19:06,400 --> 00:19:08,470 until about 1985 there were free piston sterling machines that could generate 946 00:19:08,470 --> 00:19:08,480 sterling machines that could generate 947 00:19:08,480 --> 00:19:10,630 sterling machines that could generate only a maximum of three kilowatts of 948 00:19:10,630 --> 00:19:10,640 only a maximum of three kilowatts of 949 00:19:10,640 --> 00:19:11,990 only a maximum of three kilowatts of electricity 950 00:19:11,990 --> 00:19:12,000 electricity 951 00:19:12,000 --> 00:19:14,870 electricity nasa in trying to increase power output 952 00:19:14,870 --> 00:19:14,880 nasa in trying to increase power output 953 00:19:14,880 --> 00:19:17,190 nasa in trying to increase power output developed with mechanical technology 954 00:19:17,190 --> 00:19:17,200 developed with mechanical technology 955 00:19:17,200 --> 00:19:19,909 developed with mechanical technology incorporated a 25 kilowatt electric 956 00:19:19,909 --> 00:19:19,919 incorporated a 25 kilowatt electric 957 00:19:19,919 --> 00:19:21,190 incorporated a 25 kilowatt electric machine 958 00:19:21,190 --> 00:19:21,200 machine 959 00:19:21,200 --> 00:19:23,909 machine now nasa is trying to find out how much 960 00:19:23,909 --> 00:19:23,919 now nasa is trying to find out how much 961 00:19:23,919 --> 00:19:26,630 now nasa is trying to find out how much larger sterling engines can be made 962 00:19:26,630 --> 00:19:26,640 larger sterling engines can be made 963 00:19:26,640 --> 00:19:28,870 larger sterling engines can be made initial studies indicate power levels as 964 00:19:28,870 --> 00:19:28,880 initial studies indicate power levels as 965 00:19:28,880 --> 00:19:31,830 initial studies indicate power levels as high as 500 kilowatts per machine and 966 00:19:31,830 --> 00:19:31,840 high as 500 kilowatts per machine and 967 00:19:31,840 --> 00:19:33,990 high as 500 kilowatts per machine and possibly even higher 968 00:19:33,990 --> 00:19:34,000 possibly even higher 969 00:19:34,000 --> 00:19:36,310 possibly even higher and finally why develop the sterling 970 00:19:36,310 --> 00:19:36,320 and finally why develop the sterling 971 00:19:36,320 --> 00:19:38,789 and finally why develop the sterling engine now when already power has been 972 00:19:38,789 --> 00:19:38,799 engine now when already power has been 973 00:19:38,799 --> 00:19:41,190 engine now when already power has been generated in space in other ways for 974 00:19:41,190 --> 00:19:41,200 generated in space in other ways for 975 00:19:41,200 --> 00:19:42,230 generated in space in other ways for years 976 00:19:42,230 --> 00:19:42,240 years 977 00:19:42,240 --> 00:19:45,510 years jim dudenha for answers space technology 978 00:19:45,510 --> 00:19:45,520 jim dudenha for answers space technology 979 00:19:45,520 --> 00:19:47,510 jim dudenha for answers space technology is growing by leaps and bounds and 980 00:19:47,510 --> 00:19:47,520 is growing by leaps and bounds and 981 00:19:47,520 --> 00:19:50,710 is growing by leaps and bounds and instead of needing hundreds of watts 982 00:19:50,710 --> 00:19:50,720 instead of needing hundreds of watts 983 00:19:50,720 --> 00:19:53,029 instead of needing hundreds of watts in space we are now are going to be 984 00:19:53,029 --> 00:19:53,039 in space we are now are going to be 985 00:19:53,039 --> 00:19:54,470 in space we are now are going to be we're on the threshold of needing 986 00:19:54,470 --> 00:19:54,480 we're on the threshold of needing 987 00:19:54,480 --> 00:19:56,070 we're on the threshold of needing millions of watts 988 00:19:56,070 --> 00:19:56,080 millions of watts 989 00:19:56,080 --> 00:19:58,710 millions of watts if we're going to colonize mars if we're 990 00:19:58,710 --> 00:19:58,720 if we're going to colonize mars if we're 991 00:19:58,720 --> 00:20:00,470 if we're going to colonize mars if we're going to colonize the moon if we're 992 00:20:00,470 --> 00:20:00,480 going to colonize the moon if we're 993 00:20:00,480 --> 00:20:02,950 going to colonize the moon if we're going to manufacture in space 994 00:20:02,950 --> 00:20:02,960 going to manufacture in space 995 00:20:02,960 --> 00:20:05,510 going to manufacture in space we need tremendous amounts of electrical 996 00:20:05,510 --> 00:20:05,520 we need tremendous amounts of electrical 997 00:20:05,520 --> 00:20:06,950 we need tremendous amounts of electrical power 998 00:20:06,950 --> 00:20:06,960 power 999 00:20:06,960 --> 00:20:10,390 power photovoltaics simply become too large 1000 00:20:10,390 --> 00:20:10,400 photovoltaics simply become too large 1001 00:20:10,400 --> 00:20:12,230 photovoltaics simply become too large the great big solar panels that we're 1002 00:20:12,230 --> 00:20:12,240 the great big solar panels that we're 1003 00:20:12,240 --> 00:20:14,710 the great big solar panels that we're all accustomed to seeing simply become 1004 00:20:14,710 --> 00:20:14,720 all accustomed to seeing simply become 1005 00:20:14,720 --> 00:20:17,990 all accustomed to seeing simply become too large they're too difficult to move 1006 00:20:17,990 --> 00:20:18,000 too large they're too difficult to move 1007 00:20:18,000 --> 00:20:19,990 too large they're too difficult to move they have some limitations in polar 1008 00:20:19,990 --> 00:20:20,000 they have some limitations in polar 1009 00:20:20,000 --> 00:20:22,390 they have some limitations in polar orbits because of the the problems 1010 00:20:22,390 --> 00:20:22,400 orbits because of the the problems 1011 00:20:22,400 --> 00:20:24,630 orbits because of the the problems encountered with the van allen radiation 1012 00:20:24,630 --> 00:20:24,640 encountered with the van allen radiation 1013 00:20:24,640 --> 00:20:27,110 encountered with the van allen radiation belts 1014 00:20:27,110 --> 00:20:27,120 1015 00:20:27,120 --> 00:20:29,430 solar dynamic machines of which sterling 1016 00:20:29,430 --> 00:20:29,440 solar dynamic machines of which sterling 1017 00:20:29,440 --> 00:20:30,870 solar dynamic machines of which sterling is one 1018 00:20:30,870 --> 00:20:30,880 is one 1019 00:20:30,880 --> 00:20:33,270 is one can operate any place that there is a 1020 00:20:33,270 --> 00:20:33,280 can operate any place that there is a 1021 00:20:33,280 --> 00:20:36,789 can operate any place that there is a source of heat be it the the sun 1022 00:20:36,789 --> 00:20:36,799 source of heat be it the the sun 1023 00:20:36,799 --> 00:20:38,630 source of heat be it the the sun be it nuclear 1024 00:20:38,630 --> 00:20:38,640 be it nuclear 1025 00:20:38,640 --> 00:20:40,470 be it nuclear a sterling engine wants its supplied 1026 00:20:40,470 --> 00:20:40,480 a sterling engine wants its supplied 1027 00:20:40,480 --> 00:20:42,230 a sterling engine wants its supplied heat can function 1028 00:20:42,230 --> 00:20:42,240 heat can function 1029 00:20:42,240 --> 00:20:45,029 heat can function and it can produce large amounts of of 1030 00:20:45,029 --> 00:20:45,039 and it can produce large amounts of of 1031 00:20:45,039 --> 00:20:47,350 and it can produce large amounts of of electrical power output in a relatively 1032 00:20:47,350 --> 00:20:47,360 electrical power output in a relatively 1033 00:20:47,360 --> 00:20:49,990 electrical power output in a relatively small and lightweight package 1034 00:20:49,990 --> 00:20:50,000 small and lightweight package 1035 00:20:50,000 --> 00:20:51,909 small and lightweight package and that's our purpose for being 1036 00:20:51,909 --> 00:20:51,919 and that's our purpose for being 1037 00:20:51,919 --> 00:20:53,750 and that's our purpose for being involved in this type of technology 1038 00:20:53,750 --> 00:20:53,760 involved in this type of technology 1039 00:20:53,760 --> 00:20:56,070 involved in this type of technology development work the amazing sterling 1040 00:20:56,070 --> 00:20:56,080 development work the amazing sterling 1041 00:20:56,080 --> 00:20:58,549 development work the amazing sterling engine one of the most efficient heat 1042 00:20:58,549 --> 00:20:58,559 engine one of the most efficient heat 1043 00:20:58,559 --> 00:21:01,190 engine one of the most efficient heat engines made and just one of the many 1044 00:21:01,190 --> 00:21:01,200 engines made and just one of the many 1045 00:21:01,200 --> 00:21:03,669 engines made and just one of the many technologies being developed today at 1046 00:21:03,669 --> 00:21:03,679 technologies being developed today at 1047 00:21:03,679 --> 00:21:06,070 technologies being developed today at nasa lewis research center 1048 00:21:06,070 --> 00:21:06,080 nasa lewis research center 1049 00:21:06,080 --> 00:21:07,430 nasa lewis research center now that we have a background on 1050 00:21:07,430 --> 00:21:07,440 now that we have a background on 1051 00:21:07,440 --> 00:21:08,789 now that we have a background on understanding how the sterling engine 1052 00:21:08,789 --> 00:21:08,799 understanding how the sterling engine 1053 00:21:08,799 --> 00:21:09,750 understanding how the sterling engine works 1054 00:21:09,750 --> 00:21:09,760 works 1055 00:21:09,760 --> 00:21:11,669 works let's view a short animated piece on the 1056 00:21:11,669 --> 00:21:11,679 let's view a short animated piece on the 1057 00:21:11,679 --> 00:21:13,190 let's view a short animated piece on the development of the sterling engine for 1058 00:21:13,190 --> 00:21:13,200 development of the sterling engine for 1059 00:21:13,200 --> 00:21:14,950 development of the sterling engine for its use in space 1060 00:21:14,950 --> 00:21:14,960 its use in space 1061 00:21:14,960 --> 00:21:17,190 its use in space the free piston sterling engine effort 1062 00:21:17,190 --> 00:21:17,200 the free piston sterling engine effort 1063 00:21:17,200 --> 00:21:19,430 the free piston sterling engine effort is directed at high efficiency 1064 00:21:19,430 --> 00:21:19,440 is directed at high efficiency 1065 00:21:19,440 --> 00:21:22,950 is directed at high efficiency long life and a high specific power 1066 00:21:22,950 --> 00:21:22,960 long life and a high specific power 1067 00:21:22,960 --> 00:21:25,590 long life and a high specific power to meet nasa's needs for future space 1068 00:21:25,590 --> 00:21:25,600 to meet nasa's needs for future space 1069 00:21:25,600 --> 00:21:26,950 to meet nasa's needs for future space missions 1070 00:21:26,950 --> 00:21:26,960 missions 1071 00:21:26,960 --> 00:21:29,590 missions the successful tests of the 25 kilowatt 1072 00:21:29,590 --> 00:21:29,600 the successful tests of the 25 kilowatt 1073 00:21:29,600 --> 00:21:32,870 the successful tests of the 25 kilowatt space power demonstrator engine at 650 1074 00:21:32,870 --> 00:21:32,880 space power demonstrator engine at 650 1075 00:21:32,880 --> 00:21:35,430 space power demonstrator engine at 650 degrees k in 1985 1076 00:21:35,430 --> 00:21:35,440 degrees k in 1985 1077 00:21:35,440 --> 00:21:38,710 degrees k in 1985 completed phase one 1078 00:21:38,710 --> 00:21:38,720 completed phase one 1079 00:21:38,720 --> 00:21:41,190 completed phase one phase two of the three-phase sterling 1080 00:21:41,190 --> 00:21:41,200 phase two of the three-phase sterling 1081 00:21:41,200 --> 00:21:43,510 phase two of the three-phase sterling program is now underway 1082 00:21:43,510 --> 00:21:43,520 program is now underway 1083 00:21:43,520 --> 00:21:46,230 program is now underway leading to the design fabrication and 1084 00:21:46,230 --> 00:21:46,240 leading to the design fabrication and 1085 00:21:46,240 --> 00:21:49,510 leading to the design fabrication and testing of a 1050 degree kelvin super 1086 00:21:49,510 --> 00:21:49,520 testing of a 1050 degree kelvin super 1087 00:21:49,520 --> 00:21:51,750 testing of a 1050 degree kelvin super alloy sterling engine 1088 00:21:51,750 --> 00:21:51,760 alloy sterling engine 1089 00:21:51,760 --> 00:21:53,590 alloy sterling engine this is one of several conceptual 1090 00:21:53,590 --> 00:21:53,600 this is one of several conceptual 1091 00:21:53,600 --> 00:21:55,590 this is one of several conceptual designs 1092 00:21:55,590 --> 00:21:55,600 designs 1093 00:21:55,600 --> 00:21:57,909 designs the successful development of the 1050k 1094 00:21:57,909 --> 00:21:57,919 the successful development of the 1050k 1095 00:21:57,919 --> 00:21:59,830 the successful development of the 1050k experimental sterling engine provides a 1096 00:21:59,830 --> 00:21:59,840 experimental sterling engine provides a 1097 00:21:59,840 --> 00:22:02,789 experimental sterling engine provides a low cost basis for the low risk future 1098 00:22:02,789 --> 00:22:02,799 low cost basis for the low risk future 1099 00:22:02,799 --> 00:22:04,950 low cost basis for the low risk future development of the phase three 1100 00:22:04,950 --> 00:22:04,960 development of the phase three 1101 00:22:04,960 --> 00:22:09,190 development of the phase three refractory alloy 1300k engine 1102 00:22:09,190 --> 00:22:09,200 refractory alloy 1300k engine 1103 00:22:09,200 --> 00:22:10,950 refractory alloy 1300k engine it will also provide a variable 1104 00:22:10,950 --> 00:22:10,960 it will also provide a variable 1105 00:22:10,960 --> 00:22:13,750 it will also provide a variable alternative power conversion system for 1106 00:22:13,750 --> 00:22:13,760 alternative power conversion system for 1107 00:22:13,760 --> 00:22:16,630 alternative power conversion system for an early flight demonstration of the s p 1108 00:22:16,630 --> 00:22:16,640 an early flight demonstration of the s p 1109 00:22:16,640 --> 00:22:21,510 an early flight demonstration of the s p 100 nuclear space power reactor 1110 00:22:21,510 --> 00:22:21,520 100 nuclear space power reactor 1111 00:22:21,520 --> 00:22:23,830 100 nuclear space power reactor the performance objectives of a typical 1112 00:22:23,830 --> 00:22:23,840 the performance objectives of a typical 1113 00:22:23,840 --> 00:22:26,789 the performance objectives of a typical single cylinder design are 1114 00:22:26,789 --> 00:22:26,799 single cylinder design are 1115 00:22:26,799 --> 00:22:29,750 single cylinder design are alternator output 25 kilowatts of 1116 00:22:29,750 --> 00:22:29,760 alternator output 25 kilowatts of 1117 00:22:29,760 --> 00:22:33,830 alternator output 25 kilowatts of electricity 1118 00:22:33,830 --> 00:22:33,840 1119 00:22:33,840 --> 00:22:36,470 engine efficiency 1120 00:22:36,470 --> 00:22:36,480 engine efficiency 1121 00:22:36,480 --> 00:22:41,590 engine efficiency 30 percent 1122 00:22:41,590 --> 00:22:41,600 1123 00:22:41,600 --> 00:22:43,270 inlet temperature 1124 00:22:43,270 --> 00:22:43,280 inlet temperature 1125 00:22:43,280 --> 00:22:47,590 inlet temperature 1050 degrees kelvin 1126 00:22:47,590 --> 00:22:47,600 1127 00:22:47,600 --> 00:22:49,230 outlet temperature 1128 00:22:49,230 --> 00:22:49,240 outlet temperature 1129 00:22:49,240 --> 00:22:54,310 outlet temperature 525 degrees kelvin 1130 00:22:54,310 --> 00:22:54,320 1131 00:22:54,320 --> 00:22:55,669 working fluid 1132 00:22:55,669 --> 00:22:55,679 working fluid 1133 00:22:55,679 --> 00:23:00,070 working fluid helium 1134 00:23:00,070 --> 00:23:00,080 1135 00:23:00,080 --> 00:23:03,190 engine alternator frequency 1136 00:23:03,190 --> 00:23:03,200 engine alternator frequency 1137 00:23:03,200 --> 00:23:07,190 engine alternator frequency 90 hertz 1138 00:23:07,190 --> 00:23:07,200 1139 00:23:07,200 --> 00:23:09,190 specific mass 1140 00:23:09,190 --> 00:23:09,200 specific mass 1141 00:23:09,200 --> 00:23:12,149 specific mass 6.4 kilograms per kilowatt of 1142 00:23:12,149 --> 00:23:12,159 6.4 kilograms per kilowatt of 1143 00:23:12,159 --> 00:23:14,630 6.4 kilograms per kilowatt of electricity 1144 00:23:14,630 --> 00:23:14,640 electricity 1145 00:23:14,640 --> 00:23:16,789 electricity operational life 1146 00:23:16,789 --> 00:23:16,799 operational life 1147 00:23:16,799 --> 00:23:20,070 operational life over seven years 1148 00:23:20,070 --> 00:23:20,080 over seven years 1149 00:23:20,080 --> 00:23:22,470 over seven years with lessons learned in the 650 phase 1 1150 00:23:22,470 --> 00:23:22,480 with lessons learned in the 650 phase 1 1151 00:23:22,480 --> 00:23:25,830 with lessons learned in the 650 phase 1 engine program the super alloy phase 2 1152 00:23:25,830 --> 00:23:25,840 engine program the super alloy phase 2 1153 00:23:25,840 --> 00:23:28,710 engine program the super alloy phase 2 engine is being confidently designed for 1154 00:23:28,710 --> 00:23:28,720 engine is being confidently designed for 1155 00:23:28,720 --> 00:23:31,750 engine is being confidently designed for high performance and long life with 1156 00:23:31,750 --> 00:23:31,760 high performance and long life with 1157 00:23:31,760 --> 00:23:35,590 high performance and long life with current nickel base super alloys 1158 00:23:35,590 --> 00:23:35,600 current nickel base super alloys 1159 00:23:35,600 --> 00:23:37,590 current nickel base super alloys the free piston sterling engine achieves 1160 00:23:37,590 --> 00:23:37,600 the free piston sterling engine achieves 1161 00:23:37,600 --> 00:23:40,149 the free piston sterling engine achieves its high performance in part due to its 1162 00:23:40,149 --> 00:23:40,159 its high performance in part due to its 1163 00:23:40,159 --> 00:23:43,350 its high performance in part due to its simplicity of design and operation 1164 00:23:43,350 --> 00:23:43,360 simplicity of design and operation 1165 00:23:43,360 --> 00:23:45,669 simplicity of design and operation its major features are 1166 00:23:45,669 --> 00:23:45,679 its major features are 1167 00:23:45,679 --> 00:23:48,070 its major features are the heat exchanger assembly which will 1168 00:23:48,070 --> 00:23:48,080 the heat exchanger assembly which will 1169 00:23:48,080 --> 00:23:51,110 the heat exchanger assembly which will have only 40 heater cooler modules to 1170 00:23:51,110 --> 00:23:51,120 have only 40 heater cooler modules to 1171 00:23:51,120 --> 00:23:53,110 have only 40 heater cooler modules to significantly reduce the number of 1172 00:23:53,110 --> 00:23:53,120 significantly reduce the number of 1173 00:23:53,120 --> 00:23:55,350 significantly reduce the number of welded tube joints 1174 00:23:55,350 --> 00:23:55,360 welded tube joints 1175 00:23:55,360 --> 00:23:59,190 welded tube joints the displacer one of three moving parts 1176 00:23:59,190 --> 00:23:59,200 the displacer one of three moving parts 1177 00:23:59,200 --> 00:24:02,149 the displacer one of three moving parts is a five kilogram piston floating on a 1178 00:24:02,149 --> 00:24:02,159 is a five kilogram piston floating on a 1179 00:24:02,159 --> 00:24:03,590 is a five kilogram piston floating on a film of helium 1180 00:24:03,590 --> 00:24:03,600 film of helium 1181 00:24:03,600 --> 00:24:05,669 film of helium and shuttles the working fluid from the 1182 00:24:05,669 --> 00:24:05,679 and shuttles the working fluid from the 1183 00:24:05,679 --> 00:24:08,230 and shuttles the working fluid from the hot expansion space to the coal 1184 00:24:08,230 --> 00:24:08,240 hot expansion space to the coal 1185 00:24:08,240 --> 00:24:11,909 hot expansion space to the coal compression space and vice versa 1186 00:24:11,909 --> 00:24:11,919 compression space and vice versa 1187 00:24:11,919 --> 00:24:13,830 compression space and vice versa the reciprocating action of the 12 1188 00:24:13,830 --> 00:24:13,840 the reciprocating action of the 12 1189 00:24:13,840 --> 00:24:16,310 the reciprocating action of the 12 kilogram power piston caused by the 1190 00:24:16,310 --> 00:24:16,320 kilogram power piston caused by the 1191 00:24:16,320 --> 00:24:19,269 kilogram power piston caused by the working fluid produces electrical power 1192 00:24:19,269 --> 00:24:19,279 working fluid produces electrical power 1193 00:24:19,279 --> 00:24:21,909 working fluid produces electrical power in the linear alternator 1194 00:24:21,909 --> 00:24:21,919 in the linear alternator 1195 00:24:21,919 --> 00:24:23,990 in the linear alternator the 12 kilogram balance piston 1196 00:24:23,990 --> 00:24:24,000 the 12 kilogram balance piston 1197 00:24:24,000 --> 00:24:26,390 the 12 kilogram balance piston oscillates to fully counteract the 1198 00:24:26,390 --> 00:24:26,400 oscillates to fully counteract the 1199 00:24:26,400 --> 00:24:29,190 oscillates to fully counteract the combined vibrations of the displacer and 1200 00:24:29,190 --> 00:24:29,200 combined vibrations of the displacer and 1201 00:24:29,200 --> 00:24:31,110 combined vibrations of the displacer and power pistons 1202 00:24:31,110 --> 00:24:31,120 power pistons 1203 00:24:31,120 --> 00:24:33,750 power pistons alternate engine designs employ opposed 1204 00:24:33,750 --> 00:24:33,760 alternate engine designs employ opposed 1205 00:24:33,760 --> 00:24:36,230 alternate engine designs employ opposed sets of pistons synchronized to 1206 00:24:36,230 --> 00:24:36,240 sets of pistons synchronized to 1207 00:24:36,240 --> 00:24:40,310 sets of pistons synchronized to eliminate the need for a balanced piston 1208 00:24:40,310 --> 00:24:40,320 eliminate the need for a balanced piston 1209 00:24:40,320 --> 00:24:42,470 eliminate the need for a balanced piston magnets in the power piston oscillate 1210 00:24:42,470 --> 00:24:42,480 magnets in the power piston oscillate 1211 00:24:42,480 --> 00:24:44,549 magnets in the power piston oscillate through the stator laminations to 1212 00:24:44,549 --> 00:24:44,559 through the stator laminations to 1213 00:24:44,559 --> 00:24:47,510 through the stator laminations to produce alternating current 1214 00:24:47,510 --> 00:24:47,520 produce alternating current 1215 00:24:47,520 --> 00:24:49,990 produce alternating current the pressure volume diagram shows the 1216 00:24:49,990 --> 00:24:50,000 the pressure volume diagram shows the 1217 00:24:50,000 --> 00:24:52,870 the pressure volume diagram shows the cyclic variation of pressure and volume 1218 00:24:52,870 --> 00:24:52,880 cyclic variation of pressure and volume 1219 00:24:52,880 --> 00:24:55,029 cyclic variation of pressure and volume in the working space between the power 1220 00:24:55,029 --> 00:24:55,039 in the working space between the power 1221 00:24:55,039 --> 00:24:57,110 in the working space between the power and displacer pistons 1222 00:24:57,110 --> 00:24:57,120 and displacer pistons 1223 00:24:57,120 --> 00:24:59,590 and displacer pistons the area enclosed by this diagram is 1224 00:24:59,590 --> 00:24:59,600 the area enclosed by this diagram is 1225 00:24:59,600 --> 00:25:02,230 the area enclosed by this diagram is indicative of the engine's thermodynamic 1226 00:25:02,230 --> 00:25:02,240 indicative of the engine's thermodynamic 1227 00:25:02,240 --> 00:25:04,310 indicative of the engine's thermodynamic power 1228 00:25:04,310 --> 00:25:04,320 power 1229 00:25:04,320 --> 00:25:06,310 power the following computer-generated 1230 00:25:06,310 --> 00:25:06,320 the following computer-generated 1231 00:25:06,320 --> 00:25:09,269 the following computer-generated animation shows relative motions of the 1232 00:25:09,269 --> 00:25:09,279 animation shows relative motions of the 1233 00:25:09,279 --> 00:25:10,789 animation shows relative motions of the three pistons 1234 00:25:10,789 --> 00:25:10,799 three pistons 1235 00:25:10,799 --> 00:25:12,870 three pistons for clarity their speeds have been 1236 00:25:12,870 --> 00:25:12,880 for clarity their speeds have been 1237 00:25:12,880 --> 00:25:15,110 for clarity their speeds have been greatly reduced from the normal 90 1238 00:25:15,110 --> 00:25:15,120 greatly reduced from the normal 90 1239 00:25:15,120 --> 00:25:19,190 greatly reduced from the normal 90 cycles per second operating frequency 1240 00:25:19,190 --> 00:25:19,200 cycles per second operating frequency 1241 00:25:19,200 --> 00:25:21,430 cycles per second operating frequency we hope you've enjoyed our program i'm 1242 00:25:21,430 --> 00:25:21,440 we hope you've enjoyed our program i'm 1243 00:25:21,440 --> 00:25:23,430 we hope you've enjoyed our program i'm america forester hoping you'll walk with 1244 00:25:23,430 --> 00:25:23,440 america forester hoping you'll walk with 1245 00:25:23,440 --> 00:25:25,830 america forester hoping you'll walk with me again along the future path at the 1246 00:25:25,830 --> 00:25:25,840 me again along the future path at the 1247 00:25:25,840 --> 00:25:27,990 me again along the future path at the nasa lewis research center in cleveland 1248 00:25:27,990 --> 00:25:28,000 nasa lewis research center in cleveland 1249 00:25:28,000 --> 00:25:59,669 nasa lewis research center in cleveland ohio 1250 00:25:59,669 --> 00:25:59,679 1251 00:25:59,679 --> 00:27:47,430 so 1252 00:27:47,430 --> 00:27:47,440 1253 00:27:47,440 --> 00:28:13,750 oh 1254 00:28:13,750 --> 00:28:13,760 1255 00:28:13,760 --> 00:28:27,590 so 1256 00:28:27,590 --> 00:28:27,600 1257 00:28:27,600 --> 00:28:32,149 too 1258 00:28:32,149 --> 00:28:32,159 1259 00:28:32,159 --> 00:28:35,990 sink rate is now uh 70 feet per second 1260 00:28:35,990 --> 00:28:36,000 sink rate is now uh 70 feet per second 1261 00:28:36,000 --> 00:28:38,230 sink rate is now uh 70 feet per second here are down 1262 00:28:38,230 --> 00:28:38,240 here are down 1263 00:28:38,240 --> 00:28:41,510 here are down one mile from the runway 1264 00:28:41,510 --> 00:28:41,520 1265 00:28:41,520 --> 00:28:44,470 uh 86 feet 1266 00:28:44,470 --> 00:28:44,480 uh 86 feet 1267 00:28:44,480 --> 00:28:47,830 uh 86 feet gear down and locked and we have 1268 00:28:47,830 --> 00:28:47,840 gear down and locked and we have 1269 00:28:47,840 --> 00:28:50,230 gear down and locked and we have touchdown at mission elapsed time seven 1270 00:28:50,230 --> 00:28:50,240 touchdown at mission elapsed time seven 1271 00:28:50,240 --> 00:28:51,430 touchdown at mission elapsed time seven days 1272 00:28:51,430 --> 00:28:51,440 days 1273 00:28:51,440 --> 00:28:53,190 days one hour 1274 00:28:53,190 --> 00:28:53,200 one hour 1275 00:28:53,200 --> 00:28:55,350 one hour 38 minutes 1276 00:28:55,350 --> 00:28:55,360 38 minutes 1277 00:28:55,360 --> 00:29:11,909 38 minutes and 50 seconds 1278 00:29:11,909 --> 00:29:11,919 1279 00:29:11,919 --> 00:29:14,000 you